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Chemical Reaction (Energy Changes (All chemical reactions involve a…
Chemical Reaction
Exothermic
An exothermic reaction is one which releases heat energy to the surroundings which ends with the
temperature of the surroundings increases
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Examples of exothermic reactions include, burning reactions including the combustions of fuel, detonation of explosives, and reactions of acids with metals.
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Endothermic
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An endothermic reaction is on which takes in heat energy from the surroundings
The temperature of the surroundings decreases
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Bond Energy Values C-H = 435 KJ/mol, O-H = 464 KJ/mol, O=O = 497 KJ/mol, C=O = 803 KJ/mol, C-O = 360 KJ/mol, C-C = 346 KJ/mol
EXAMPLES
Most of the reactions used in industry to produce useful materials require more energy than they produce.
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Activation Energy
Activation energy is the energy needed to begin a reaction and break chemical bonds in the reactants.
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activation energy - the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction
Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
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activation energy - the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction
collision theory - when suitable particles of the reactant hit each other, only a certain fraction of the collisions cause any noticeable or significant chemical change
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catalyst - a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
inhibitor - a substance that delays, slows, or prevents a chemical reaction
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law of conservation of mass - mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations
Energy Changes
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When the reaction causes the temperature to increase, its exothermic.
When the reaction causes the temperature to decrease, it's endothermic.
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