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Chemical Reactions (Vocabulary (Collision Theory, Activation Energy,…
Chemical Reactions
Vocabulary
Collision Theory
Activation Energy
Thermal Energy
Catalyst
Temperature
Inhibitor
Vocabulary
Iterate
Repetition of a sequence of operations to get very close to a desired result
Endothermic
A chemical reaction that takes in energy
Prototype
Exothermic
A chemical reaction that gives out/loses energy
Constraints
Pressure
Continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it
Affects of rate of reactions
State of Matter
Some states of matter, when they go against each other, they won't react as strong as others
Temperature
When the temperature is increased, the reaction rates are increased
Concentration
When increased, more molecules interact to form new compounds, which increases the reaction rate
Pressure
When you increase the pressure, the molecules have less space to move
Catalyst & Inhibitors
A catalyst increases the reaction rate and inhibitors decreases the raction rate
Surface Area
When increased, a solid reactant exposes more of its particles and the reaction rate is increased
Endothermic:
A chemical reaction that takes in heat from surroundings.
Temperature of the surroundings decreases
Ex: Salt dissolving in water.
The cold reaction products start to gain heat from the surroundings and eventually return to room temperature.
The energy comes from the reactants used in the reaction and it gets colder.
Eventually heat is absorbed from the surroundings and the mixture returns to room temperature.
Overall the chemicals gain energy
The products of a chemical reaction have more energy than the reactants
The reactants of an endothermic reaction gain energy.
Endothermic reactions take in energy.
Exothermic:
A chemical reaction where heat is taken away or given out
Temperature of surroundings increases
Ex: Combustion of Fuels, Detonation of explosives, and Reaction of acids with metals
The hot reaction products start to lose heat to the surroundings
The reaction mixture gets hotter
Overall the chemicals lose energy
Exothermic reactions give out
The reactants of an exothermic reaction lose energy
They'll eventually be back at room temperature
Chemical Energy becomes heat energy
Exothermic Reactants and Products
Reactants have more chemical energy than product
Some of the heat from the reactant is lost when it spreads out into the room
Products now have less chemical energy than reactants