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Nervous System By: Angelica Hernandez p.5 (The Human Brain (1) Cerebrum…
Nervous System
By: Angelica Hernandez p.5
Major Functions
Sensory Function- detects changes (stimuli) within the body and the outside body
Integrative Function- analyzes sensory info, stores aspects, and makes decisions regarding appropriate behavior
Motor Function- responds to stimuli by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions
Major Divisions
Central Nervous System (CNS)- brain, spinal cord - receive incoming sensory info, issue instructions, thoughts, and emotions, memories formed and stored
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- all nerves from brain and spinal cord - carry impulses to and from spinal cord, carry impulses to and from cranium
1) Sensory (afferent) Nerves- relay info from skin, muscles,and glands to CNS
2) Motor (efferent) Nerves- carry impulses to CNS to organs, muscles
1) Somatic motor neurons (SNS)- conscious voluntary control part of PNS
2) Autonomic motor neurons (ANS)- automatic, unconscious, involuntary control
The Human Brain
1) Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)- largest portion and associated with higher mental functions
1) Occipital Lobe- processes vision (visual cortex)
2) Parietal Lobe- size, shape, color, pain. temp., and speech; post- central gyrus= somatic sensory area- interpets sensory info
3) Temporal Lobe- hearing, speech, memory, sequence, and organization
4) Frontal Lobe- personality, emotion, intelligence, attention, concentration, logic, and problem solving; precentral gyrus = primary motor cortex; Broca's area= vocalize words
2) Diencephalon- processes sensory input and controls many homeostatic processes
3) Brain Stem- coordinates and regulates visceral activities
4) Cerebellum- coordinates muscular activity
Meninges- three layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain
Outer= dura mater (tough mother)- touch white sense connective tissue, contains many blood vessels
Middle= arachnoid mater (looks like cobweb)- very thin, locks blood vessels
Inner= pid mater (gentle mother)- covers every fluid of brain
Neurons
3 types of structure
1) multipolar- many dendrites, one axon
2) bipolar- one dendrite, one axon (sensory)
3) unipolar - fused axon and dendrite (sensory)
3 types of Neurons
1) Sensory (aferrar) neurons: transmit impulses to CNS (the spinal cord and brain) from all parts of the body
2) Motor (efferent) neurons: transmit impulses away from CNS (spinal cord and brain) to effectors (2 kinds of tissue)
3) Interneurons (central or connecting neurons): impulses from sensory to motor neurons
Spinal Cord
Structure
pair of spinal nerves
anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcas
white matter and grey matter
three regions (shaped like an ‘H’) tracts
central canal contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
spinal nerves
Function
1) transmit impulses
2) spinal reflexes
Reflex Arc
5 parts
sensory receptor- detects stimulus
sensory/afferent neuron- sends signals to CNS (reflex arc)
synapse/Interneuron integration center- connection
motor/efferent neuron- delivers response
effector- target organ responds
Drugs
