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Homeostasis of the : Kidney (REGULATES BLOOD PRESSURE (LOW OSMOLALITY -…
Homeostasis of the : Kidney
Mechanism of Renin Release
Decrease renal perfusion of juxtalumerullar cells produces enzym renin, passes through efferent arteriole and enters systemic circulation
Macula Densa Mechanism (Chemo receptors that detects NaCl in Distal convoluted tubules
Decrease in NaCl, Macula Densa stimulates Juxtoglomerullar cells to produce Renin
Increase in NaCl, Macula Densa inhibits Juxtoglumerullar cells to produce renin
Baroreceptor mechanisms
Decreased pressure in afferent arteriole promotes Renin release
Increased pressure in afferent arteriole which stops Renin production
Sympathetic Nerve Mechanism
Beta1 Adrenergic Nerve Stimulates Renin release
Increased Sympathetic nerve activity - increased Blood Pressure - Renin Released
Regulates Erythropoises
Repos cells in kidney detects O2 levels in blood
Decrease in O2 levels triggers erythropoietin production (hormone) endocrine
Circulates in blood to red bone marrow of long bones, ribs, skull, etc.stimulating stem cells to produce more erythrocytes
Erythropoeitin stimulates process of Erythropoeisis
Producing More RBC, more Erythocytes
carries O2 to kidney that detects the need for Erythropoietin production.
Reabsorption and Secretion of waste
Afferent arteriol brings in blood in head of nephron
Exits through efferent arteriole to vesa recta, which allows reabsorption back into circulation + secretion of waste
Proximal Convoluted Tubule- reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, K+, glucose, Amino Acid, Urea HCO3. Secretion of Creat, drugs, H+
Loop of Henle- Descending H2O Reabsorption, Ascending: Na+, Cl-, K+ reaborption
Distal Convoluted tubule- Reabsorption: Na+, Cl-, K+, Ma+, HCO3, and secretes H+, K+ and allows exchange of K+ and Na+
Collecting Duct. Reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, Urea, H2O
Final urine concentration- of 95% H2O, nitrogenous waste, lots of metabolites, RBC, WBC in extremely low numbers
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
KIDNEY Produces enzymes that float around systemic circulation called RENIN
Liver produces a protein called ANGIOTENSINOGEN
ANGIOTENSIN I is produced, biologically inactive and floats around
The lungs and kidney produces enzymes called ACE inhibitors, converting ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II
Angiotensin II binds with AT receptors in the body, resulting in:
Systemic arteriole vasoconstriction
Increases blood pressure
Stimulation of sympathetic division -ANS
Increases blood pressure
decrease in blood flow in the peritubular capillaries of nephron - increase tubular fluid reabsorption - increase blood pressure
increase in Na+ reabsorption, thereby H2O is pulled, leading to increased blood pressure
Stimulates Adrenal Cortex to release ALDOSTERONE
increase Na+, Cl-, H2O reabsorption and K+ excretion
posterior Pituitary Gland releases ANTIDIURETIC Hormone / vasopresin
stimulates thirst
H2O reabsorption at CDTubule
Vasoconstriction of Efferent arterioles
(lesser effect in Afferent arteriole) -increase blood pressure
OVER ALL, ANGIOTENSINOGEN II causes H2O and IONs retension causing increased blood pressure and PRODUCING NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM TO CELLS PRODUCING RENIN IN THE KIDNEY.
REGULATES BLOOD PRESSURE
LOW OSMOLALITY - decreased Na+ concentration, decreased Plasma Volume, -LOW BLOOD PRESSURE
HYPOTHALAMUS detects- POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND secretes ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE into blood stream into KIDNEY
ADH Works specifically in Collecting Duct- promotes water reabsorption- increaesd plasma volume there by- INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE
ADRENAL GLAND detects- ADRENAL CORTEX secretes ALDOSTERONE circulates in the body targeting KIDNEYS- Distal tubule and Collectng Duct
Promotes Reabsorption of Na+, K+ Secretion, H2O reabsorption there by-INCREASING PLASMA VOLUME, INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE
BARORECEPTOR in Carotid Sinus and Aortic Arch - activates Sympathetic nervous system to stimulate JUXTOGLOMERULLAR cells to secrete enzyme RENIN
RAAS applies
NORMAL OSMOLALITY
NORMAL Na+ CONCENTRATION, NORMAL RE-ABSORPTION and SECRETION OF Na+
Na+ pulls H2O,
THERE FOR- BLOOD PRESSURE IS NORMAL
HIGH OSMOLALITY - High Na+ concentration, increased PLASMA VOLUME, there by: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
HYPERVOLEMIC STATE -CARDIAC distention , Increased Sympathetic nerve stimulatiion,HIGH ANGIOTENSIN II Level- There by: HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Stimulates ATRIAL MYOCYTES to secretes ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES - a hormone that causes VASODILATION - there by DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE
It also - INHIBITS RELEASE OF RENIN - therefore INHIBITS PRODUCTION OF ANGIOTENSIN II - there by - DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE