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Nervous System (Major Nerves (•Spinal Nerve, •Common Plantar Digital Nerve…
Nervous System
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Cranial Nerves
•The olfactory nerve : This is instrumental for the sense of smell, it is one of the few nerves that are capable of regeneration.
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•The oculomotor nerve : This controls most of the eye’s movements, the constriction of the pupil, and maintains an open eyelid.
•The trochlear nerve : A motor nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which controls rotational movement.
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•The abducens nerve : A motor nerve that innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye, which controls lateral movement.
•The facial nerve : This controls the muscles of facial expression, and functions in the conveyance of taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and oral cavity.
•The vestibulocochlear nerve : This is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
•The glossopharyngeal nerve : This nerve receives sensory information from the tonsils, the pharynx, the middle ear, and the rest of the tongue.
•The vagus nerve : This is responsible for many tasks, including heart rate, gastrointestinal peristalsis, sweating, and muscle movements in the mouth, including speech and keeping the larynx open for breathing.
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•The hypoglossal nerve : This nerve controls the tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing.
Drugs
Marijuana: taken by smoking, vaping, or in edibles
Affects: slowing down movement, relaxed, and calm
Methamphetamine- smoking, injecting, and snorting
Affects: feel intense and acclerated
Ecstacy: taken in the form of a pill
Affects- mood, sleep perception, apppetite
Alcohol: drinking liquid
Affects: affects memory, decision making, and impulse control
Heroine:- It is an opiod that can be taken injected and is like a morphine
-Affects the inhibitory neurotransmitter which inhibits the dopamine from release but operates shut it down and dopamine can't release
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Major Function
Parietal lobe- perception, spatial awareness, manipulating objects, and spelling
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Temporal lobe- memory, recognizing faces, generating emotions, and language
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Frontal lobe- planning, organizing, emotional and behavioral control, personality, problem solving
Spinal Nerve
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One coccygeal nerve on each side, Co1
Subdivisions
Frontal Lobe: The frontal lobe is tasked with the duty of performing functions like expressive language, reasoning, higher level cognition and motor skills. It is positioned at the front portion of the brain. Any damage to it can lead to changes of socialization, attention, sexual habits, etc.
•Parietal Lobe: The parietal lobe is responsible for processing the information sent to the brain by the tactile senses like pain, pressure and touch. It is placed in the center of the brain. Any damage to it can cause problems with language, ability of controlling eye gaze and verbal memory.
•Occipital Lobe: The occipital lobe is tasked with the duty of interpreting the information being sent to the brain by the eyes. It is positioned at the back of the brain. If it is damaged, your visual ability will be affected, like unable to recognize colors, words and objects.
•Temporal Lobe: The temporal lobe is responsible for forming memories and processing the sounds being recorded by the ears. It is placed at the bottom of the brain. Any damage to it can cause problem with language skills, speech perception and memory.
Brain diseases
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Tumors, Masses, and Increased Pressure
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Division of PNS
The sensory (afferent) division carries signals from various receptors (sense organs and simple sensory nerve endings) to the central nervous system
The motor (efferent) division carries signals from the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) mainly to gland and muscle cells that carry out the body’s responses
The somatic nervous system controls systems in areas as diverse as the skin, bones, joints, and skeletal muscles
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary and unconscious actions, such as internal-organ function, breathing, digestion, and heartbeat
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Ventricles
Lateral ventricles Body, anterior (frontal) horn, posterior (occipital) horn, inferior (temporal) horn,
Third ventricle Supraoptic recess (superior to the optic chiasma), infundibular recess (superior to the pituitary infundibulum), suprapineal recess (superior to the pineal gland), pineal recess (protrudes into the pineal infundibulum)
Fourth ventricle Located in the brainstem:
Floor - rhomboid fossa
Roof - superior and inferior medullary vela of the cerebellum
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nervous system divisions
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Autonomic nervous system- is a special system which controls and coordinates those activities of body that which are not under the control of will (involuntary organs).
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Nuerotransmitters
also called chemical transmitter or chemical messenger, any of a group of chemical agents released by neurons (nerve cells) to stimulate neighbouring neurons or muscle or gland cells, thus allowing impulses to be passed from one cell to the next throughout the nervous system.
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