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Aortic Stenosis (Examination (Causes Age-related senile calcification …

- - - - LVH
      - Arrhythmias
    - - Calcified AV
        LVH
        Pulmonary oedema
    - - Severity
      - Cause: Bicuspid valve, thick calcified cusps
      - LV function
      - Other valve function
      - Echo Features of Severe AS (AHA 2006)
        
        Valve area <1cm2
        
        Pressure gradient >40mmHg
        
        Jet velocity >4m/s
    - - Valve gradient
      - Assess coronaries (needed if surgery planned)
  - - - Indications
        
        Symptomatic AS
        Severe asymptomatic AS w/ ↓ EF (<50%)
        Severe AS undergoing CABG or other valve op
      - Mortality: 3-5% depending on pts. EuroSCORE
    - - TAVI: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
      - Balloon valvuloplasty