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italian history (italy became a united state only in 1861 but before that…

- - - - one of them most important politician of this period was giovanni giolitti , he was skilled politician and also very practical one , he was clever and was responsible for some social improvement . he limited the use of violence while dealing with people demonstrating for rights thwe whole period was positive ,salaries increased and many workers association were created . the social party was founded in 1892 by flippo turati
        
        in 1950 there was a celebration for 50 years of the unification on that occasion in rome the "altar of the homeland was inaugurated , it was a symbol of national unity
  - - - benefits
        
        the working class could benefit from the war
        
        upper middle class that owned factories considered the war a good opportunity to stimulate production
- - - - europe was becoming more industrialized so many people working in factories therefore there was like exploitation
      - there was a strong economic crisis which worsened the average condition of tthe life
    - - social claims
      - national independence
      - granting of political rights
    - - then it moved to england and the country had to deal with social changes before others . the english political systems was able to cope with the claims of society
- - - - Unification of itay (the process)
        
        in 1859 the second war of independence broke out . austrian empire declared ware on piedmont which had france as an ally . they fought against the austrian empire and eventually succeeded in annexing lombardy
        
        then with so called expedition of the thousand,led by the Guseppe garibaldi the struggle for independence extended to southern of italy . after several battles he annexed the ther states except for the churchstate and venetia
        
        in 17th march 1861 the king of sardinia (piedmont) , vittoria emanuele 11 became the first king of italy and in 1866 the third war of independence occured , fighting againts the austrian empire , the italian wereable to obtain venetia but trieste and trentine still under austrian control
        
        in 1870 with a final war against thechurch state , italy almost completed its unification . the national army enered rome and all territories ruled by the pope were annexed by italy
        
        Risorgimento” is the movement which lead to the creation of the Italian state, and it also refers to the historical period in which the unification took place
    - - except piedmont constitution was survived . it was very improtant it was written and issued in march 1848 this constitution is called albertine statute from the kinhs who issued it , Carlo alberto) was crucial because it extended to rest of italy because unfication of italy happended as an extension of the piedmont kingdom
        
        albertine statute
        
        he established the parliamentary monarchy , is a system of government in which there is monarch (king or queen) and also parliament . the statue inspired by the european liberalism even if it entailed also some conservative aspects . hence , an on one hand it granted personal political freedoms and on the other hand it didn\t care much about the claims of the working class