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COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) (ETIOLOGY (Types of Adenomatous Polyps (tubular…
COLORECTAL CANCER (CRC)
CAUSATIVE FACTORS
Genetic and environment factors associated with developing CRC and mechanistic causes not completely understood. However, believe can arise from
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GENETIC MUTATIONS such as loss of tumor-suppressor gene activity (genes inhibit cell growth e.g. APC, TP53, DCC, SMAD4)
ETIOLOGY
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:red_flag: POLYPS: a mass or finger-like projection from intestinal mucosal epithelium form considered adenocarcinomas when polyps have become neoplastic or cancerous through genetic mutations and genomic instability
:!: Tumor becomes invasive and highly malignant once it penetrates the muscularis mucosae and enters submucosal layer
:warning: Considered to have most malignant potential when polyps are larger than 2 cm, numerous (>20), with villous structure
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RISK FACTORS
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HEREDITARY & MEDICAL
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) ~8 -10 yrs after initial diagnosis such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease
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Age, Gender & Race: males over 50 yrs and African American at higher risk
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TREATMENT
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:check: SURGICAL RESECTION (removal) of cancer/tumor is considered the primary and only curative method for localized CRC and most common treatment for many stages of CRC
:check: ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY to eradicate micrometastases which decreases chance of recurrence and increasie cure rate
POST OPERATIVE RADIATION THERAPY considered routine part of care especially for complete resected colon cancer
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - NSAIDS, aspirin, changing diet and exercising
