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PSY 101 FINAL (Perception (Senses (Vision (Eyes (Retina (Cones (color…
PSY 101 FINAL
Perception
Sensation
External stimuli
detected & converted
neural signals
Transduction
botton-up processing
sense receptors
sensing
Perception
organized & interpreted
sensations
Sensory adaptation
1st Time STRONGER
Absolute Threshold
minimum needed for detection 50%
Difference Threshold
Just noticeable difference
minimum difference 50 %
WEBER'S LAW
Difference constant
Light : 8%
Weight : 2 %
Tone : 3%
Subliminal Threshold
Under AT
Can influence perceptions
Priming
Dichotic listening
Inatentional blindness
Change blindness
Cocktail Party effect
Top-down processing
experiences
expectations
cognition
Senses
Vision
Hue
400 to 700 nm
Colors
Brightness
Intensity
Eyes
Cornea
Pupil
Iris
Leans
Retina
Cones
color vision
red
Blue
green
Rods
Black - White
dark adaptation
Basic shapes & forms
Visual detection
1 - Perceptual organization
edges & regions
boundaries
regions grouping
interpolation
2 - Object recognition
Borders ownership
unclear = ambiguous images
Similar regions
Proximity
Similarity
common motion
Symmetry & parallelism
good continuation
Missing information
Ink blots
Depth & distance
Relative size
Interposition
Relative clarity
Texture gradient
relative height
Linear perspective
Shape & size constancy
3 - Motion recognition
relative motion
phi phenomenon
Hearing
Physics
frequency
Pitch
intensity
Loudness
Quality
Timbre
Anatomy
Outer ear
collects sound
Middle ear
eardrums vibrate
bones reaction
hits cochlea oval window
Inner ear
liquid movement
hairs cells send impulses
sound detection
loudness
nb activated hair cells
Place Theory
High-pitch
different spot on basilar membrane = High or low pitch
Frequency Theory
Low-pitch
rate of nerve impulses match frequency of tone
Touch
essential to development
attachment needs
security
intimacy
4 senses
Pressure
Warmth
Cold
Pain
nociceptors
Perception
Nociceptive pain
mechanical damage
Neuropathic pain
from disease or injury
Referred pain
convergence of nerve cells
Pain from different body parts
Smell
Adaptative
link to limbic system
consciousness
3 states
Full consciousness
awareness of self + mental state
minimal consciouness
Fragmented connection between self and awareness
Consciousness
awareness of ourself and environment
Dual-track mind
controlled
explicit
deliberate
Energy
automatic
Implicit
effortless
Sleep
24 hrs cycle
circadian rhythms
Dark = melatonin
Light = adrenaline + Cortisol
REASONS
Sleep deprivation
Alters
attention & concentration
sleep cycle
metabolic & hormonal functions
immune system
Sleep disorders
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night terrors
Sleep walking
recuperation
memories storage
Creativity
protection (evolutionary)
WAVES
Awake
active
beta
relaxed
Alpha
Sleep
s1
Theta
s2
Theta + spindle
activity decrease
heart rate
brain activity
temperature
eyes movements
s3
Delta
DEEPEST sleep
approx. 25%
feeling rested
s4
s5 / REM
Beta
dreaming
deprived = More REM
paradoxical sleep
activity increases
90 min
Dreams
Dream protection theory
FREUD
Manifest vs. Latent (hidden) content
ego at rest
impulses transform in symbols
Wish Fulfillement
Activation Synthesis Theory
make sense of random signals
Activation
Acetylcholine active nerve in Pons
incomplete signals sent to thalamus
informations relay to language and visual cortex
Synthesis
Cortex try to synthesis info
Amygdala adds strong emotions
Neurocognitive Perspectives
Cortex involved
development of cognitive capacities
Learning
Memory