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VRIO Framework (Difficult to Imitate (inimitability (Causal ambiguity…
VRIO Framework
Difficult to Imitate
Because expensive
too hard to make
Cant substitute
EG - great sales/marketing people
wealth of expertise
Intangible stuff
Location!
inimitability
Causal ambiguity
Can't pinpoint competitive advantage
Characteristic
Know how
Instincts
Linkages
Processes to people?
Team work
Culture and History
Interconnected
Relationships
Behaviours
Values
Un-conscious decision-making
Path dependency
Complexity
Internal linkages
External linkages
Mutual learning and relationships
Dependancies
Apple
Evaluate
Resources
Capabilities
VRIO All YES = Distrinctive
Sustainable competitive advantage
Valuable
Value to customers
From their perspective
Enables them to
Respond to threats
Create opportunities
STEEPLE/VUCA
Economies of scale EG
To org
Make profits
Organisational support
Can support capabilities
Processes
Systems
Structure
Management
Informal
Formal
Controls
Harness
Complementary capabilities
Exploit
Capabilities
Effectively
Org Knowledge = competitive advantage
Collection of intelligence
Formal systems
Staff knowledge and experience
Share
Create advantage
TAcit
Hunches
Intuition
Highly personallised
My Values
My reflection
Explicit
Formal ways
Logic and evidence
Rarity
Cant be copied
Patents
Hard to find
Powerful brand image
Prime location
Specialism
Unique expectise
Relationships
Tailored
Process defined over time