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Physics (Light Waves/Transverse waves (Key Facts (Light can travel through…
Physics
Light Waves/Transverse waves
Key Facts
Light can travel through a vacuum
Light travels extremely fast; almost 300,000,000 m/s
Light travels in straight lines
Light can travel through matter if it is transparent or translucent
Refraction: when the direction of a light ray changes when it hits a matter more dense or less dense than its current matter
Reflection
The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection
Scattering
If light meets a rough surface, each ray obeys the law of reflection. However, the different parts of the rough surface point in different directions, so the light is not all reflected in one direction. Instead, the light is reflected in all directions. This is called diffuse scattering. It explains why you can see a clear image of yourself in a shiny flat mirror, but not in a dull rough wall.
Colour
White light can be split up into a spectrum with a prism, and this refracts the light. When the light refracts, the colours refract in different amount, and this is called dispersion.
There are three primary colours in light: red, green and blue. Light in these colours can be added together to make the secondary colours magenta, cyan and yellow. All three primary colours add together make white light.
When light hits a surface, some of it is absorbed and some of it is reflected. The light that is reflected is the colour of the object in that light.
Eyes
The purpose of the retina is to receive light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition
Sound Waves/Longitudinal waves
Key Facts
Different colours of light have different frequencies
The primary colours of light are red, green and blue
Sound waves can reflect off surfaces that have hard, smooth surfaces but some sound gets absorbed in soft, rough surfaces so less sound is echoed.
The amplitude is the maximum height of the wave from its resting position – the greater the amplitude, the louder the sound
The wavelength is the distance between the crests (tops) of two waves next to each other (or any other two identical point on waves next to each other)
The frequency is the number of waves per second – the higher the frequency, the closer together the waves are and the higher the pitch