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federalism (f) (dispute resolution mechanism b/w centre and states (inter…

- - - - war dispute
      - pre C treaty/law
      - matter relating to revenue devolution by FC
  - - - inquire/advise on disputes b/w states
      - inquire/discuss subjects of common interests
      - make recommendations for better coordination of policy on that subject
      - P can define nature of its duties and procedure to be followed
    - - cooperative federalism amidst era of diff parties heading centre and states
      - resolving centre/state - state disputes
      - decentralised decision making
      - increase accountability of govts - as its a platform for dialogue & discussion
      - its constitutional backing puts states on more solid footing
      - acts a safety valve - to bridge trust deficit b/w centre and states
      - lack of other avenues
        
        zonal councils - geographical restrictions
        
        RS - parking lot of unelectable party leaders
    - - had only meetings since 1990
    - - regular schedule - punchhi commission - 3 annual meetings
      - permanent secretariat reqd for better functioning
      - allow representation of civil society and corporate sector
      - a voting system on lines of GST council to empower ISC
  - - - centre and states to cooperate and exchange ideas
      - similar problems of these states - hence platform for cooperation amongst states
      - maintain national integration - insurgency issue
      - implement NE region VISION 2020
    - - platform underutilised
    - - PM - NEC to be dev as resource centre - wherein diverse institutions can be linked together for better coordination
      - MoDNER and NEC to together prepare a roadmap for dev of NE
- - - - central authority - looks after major affairs of the country
      - local govt - looks after day to day functioning of their particular region
    - - hence, each govt will have specific powers to form laws and execute them
  - - - states have equal powers
      - eg: USA - 2 representatives from each state to its upper house
    - - unequal powers and benefits b/w states
      - eg: canada, i
      - i
        
        manifestations
        
        special C status under art 371 to some states
        
        given due to
        
        protect tribal interests
        
        to deal with disturbed law and order conditions
        
        social and economic backwardness
        
        unequal seat share in RS - UP 31, goa 1
        
        special category status(SCS) to some states
        
        was given by NDC
        
        given for
        
        mainly for economic help mainly cus of being historically disadvantaged
        
        issues
        
        14th FC effectively removed concept of SCS
        
        populist promise to grant SCS creates further rise in such demands - demanded by raj, orissa, bihar etc
        
        arbitrary criteria - eg: chattisgarh and jharkhand denied SCS status cus they didnt share international boundary
        
        no visible improvement - despite receiving 4 times more central assistance than "general category" states
        
        recom
        
        awarding special financial packages rather than giving SCS status
        
        aimed at achieving particular goal
        
        enhances accountability and transparency of states
        
        reasons
        
        historical
        
        classification of territory under B indian C
        
        part A - provinces directly governed by B
        
        part B - princely states(PS)
        
        part C - PS acceding to union
        
        part D - UTs
        
        addressing diversity of issues
        
        needs of units significantly diff from one another
        
        due to ethnic, linguistic or cultural differences
- - - - greater awareness among policy makers about local needs
      - linguistic and cultural homogeneity
        
        better allocation, implementation and management of pubic resources
      - easy for marginal social groups to raise their voice
      - popn per unit assembly constituency decreases
        
        better representation of all sections of society in assembly
      - less chances of neglect of a particular region (as happens in larger states)
  - - - uttrakhand
        
        still at lower end in HDI
        
        regular fatal flooding - questions better governance theory
      - chattisgarh
        
        large scale tribal displacement
        
        low poverty redn: NSSO data - poverty redn b/w 2004-05 and 2011-12 at 9.5% compared to national avg of 15%
      - jharkhand
        
        scams and criminal proceedings against elected representatives
        
        low poverty redn: NSSO data - poverty redn b/w 2004-05 and 2011-12 at 8.5% compared to national avg of 15%
    - - not financially sustainable
      - dependent on centre
      - eg: NE
    - - less no. of defections reqd to dismiss the govt
        
        political instability
        
        eg
        
        20 CMs in goa since 1987
        
        6 CMs in arunachal in last decade
        
        4 CMs in nagaland in last decade
        
        5 CMs in uttrakhand in last decade
  - - - not entertain communal/secessionist
      - popular support
      - agreement of parent state
      - social and eco viability of new state