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PAT: Module 16: Mixed Dentition and Occlusion (Mixed Dentition (Age 6-7,…
PAT: Module 16: Mixed Dentition and Occlusion
Mixed Dentition
period of several years where a child will have a combination of some primary teeth and some permanent teeth
determining which teeth are primary and which are permanent can be challenging
Age 6-7
permanent first molars erupt just distal to the second PRIMARY molars
no primary teeth are exfoliated to make room for these permanent molars
Eruption of first molars is followed closely by loss of mandibular primary central incisors, which quickly are replaced by permanent central incisors
Age 7-8
the permanent incisors have replaced the primary incisors
Age 10-12
all four mandibular premolars erupt into place replacing mandibular primary first molars and canines
on maxillary arch, permanent first premolars erupt and replace the primary first molars
Age 11-13
primary canines and primary second molars are last to exfoliate
normally, all primary teet are exfoliated by age 13 ( 2-15, 18-31)
Primary Dentition
the Incisors, canines, and molars are present
no primary premolars are present
according to the book, primary teeth usually erupt between 2.5 and 5.5 years old/ back of book has more accurate reference
Occlusion
relationship of the teeth to each other when the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the mandibular arch contact those of the maxillary arch
the way the teeth occlude during chewing and speaking is important for the appearance, comfort, and health of an individual
Malocclusion
the improper positioning of the teeth and jaws
a variation of normal growth and development that can affect the bite, ability to maintain adequate plaque control, speech development, and appearance
Vertical Overlap
maxillary incisors vertically overlap the mandibular incisors
the amount of overlap is known as the overbite
Horizontal Distance
maxillary incisors are labial to the mandibular incisors
the horizontal distance between the incisal edges of the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth is known as Overjet
Angle's Classification
system based primarily on the relationship of the mandibular first molar to the maxillary first molar
according to Angle, there are three relationships that can exist:
Class I, Class II, or Class III
Class I: Groove in Normal Position
Molar Relation: the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is directly in line with the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar
Canine Relation: maxillary permanent canine occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine and the mesial half of the mandibular permanent permolar
Class II, Division 1: Groove Posterior to the Normal Position
Molar Relation: buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar by at least the width of a premolar
Canine Relation: distal surface of the mandibular canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar
all four maxillary incisors are protruded
Class II, Division 2: Groove Posterior to the Normal Position
Molar Relation: buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar by at least the width of a premolar
Canine Relation: distal surface of the mandibular canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar
both maxillary lateral incisors protrude while both central incisors retrude
Class III: Groove Anterior to the Normal Position
Molar Relation: buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar by at least the width of a premolar
Canine Relation: distal surface of the mandibular canine is mesial to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar
if first molars are missing or malaligned, the relationship of the mandibular canine to the maxillary canine is used to determine the classification
Other Characteristics of Malocclusion
Open Bite
Anterior edge-to-edge bite
Deep Overbite
Crossbite
Malpositions of Individual Teeth
Facioverison
Linguoversion
Suptraversion
Rotated (torsiversion)