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A 61-year-old piano player with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted to…

- - - - INDIRECT DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS
        
        too much alcohol consumption prevents the liver from making substances to clot blood
        
        prevention of alcohol consumption prevents body from being damaged
        
        can improve body over time
- - - - four main regions
        
        diencephalon
        
        sensory and motor pathways
        
        control visceral activities
        
        brainstem
        
        connects cerebrum, diencephalon, and cerebellum to spinal cord
        
        cerebrum
        
        frontal lobe
        
        forms anterior part of cerebral hemisphere
        
        temporal lobe
        
        involves hearing and smell
        
        occipital lobe
        
        posterior part of brain
        
        parietal lobe
        
        forms superoposterior part of brain
        
        cerebellum
        
        controls muscle action
      - outersurface
        
        gyri= exhibits folds
        
        sulci=shall depressions
        
        fissures=deeper grooves
      - directional terms
        
        anterior= rostral
        
        posterior=caudal
      - gray matter
        
        color for motor and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons
        
        white matter
        
        color from myelin on axons
      - protection and support of brain
        
        arachnoid mater
        
        lies external of pia mater
        
        subdural space
        
        space for blood or fluid
        
        pia mater
        
        adheres to brain and brain surface
        
        dura mater
        
        tough dense layer external to arachnoid mater
        
        meningeal layer
        
        periosteal layer
        
        cranial meninges
        
        support and separate tissue of brain
      - Limbic system
        
        process and experience emotions
        
        consciousness
        
        awareness and sensation
      - cerebrospinal fluid
        
        clear colorless liquid around ventricles
      - nervous system structures
        
        nerve
        
        nerve plexus
        
        nucleus
        
        tract
        
        center
        
        funiculus
        
        ganglion
        
        pathway
      - thalamus
        
        relay incoming sensory info where processed and projected to somatosensory cortex
      - hypothalamus
        
        control of Nervous system, endocrine system, body temperature
      - spinal cord include:
        
        posterior median sulcus
        
        anterior median sulcus
        
        cauda equina
        
        cervical enlargement
        
        conus medullaris
        
        lumbosacral enlargement
      - epidural hematoma
        
        subdural hematoma
        
        hemorrhage in subdural space
        
        pool of blood in epidural space of brain
        
        causes by blow to head
    - - memory, speech, movement, thoughts
    - - pain, pressure, temperature
    - - receives and process incoming visual info
    - - awareness of smells
    - - receives and process auditory info
    - - controls skeletal muscle activity
    - - processing taste info
    - - regulates eye movement
    - - inferolateral portion of left lobe
  - - - symptoms from different patients
        
        strokes can be mild and last short time. others can be more severe and have lasting damage.
        
        or brain cells are damaged and cause death
      - effects of alcohol on brain
        
        blocks chemical signals between brain cells. which causes slurred speech, poor memory, impulsed behavior and slow reflex
      - why does the patient have those symptoms?
        
        alcohol consumption abuse
        
        blood clots are moved to brain
        
        damaging liver throws off body
        
        brain affected on the left side causing unmovable right arm
- - - - INDIRECT DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS
        
        alcohol dehydrates body and organs and cancer growth in esophagus, throat, liver and breasts
        
        continued alcohol consumption can cause death
        
        if drinking does not stop body will worsen over time
- - - - INDIRECT DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS
        
        nerve cells become injured in the brain. then right or left side of brain effects right or left side of the body
        
        continued alcohol consumption can cause permanent damage to the nervous system
        
        can play piano if drinking stops