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A 61 year-old male piano teacher admitted to the hospital after suffering…
A 61 year-old male piano teacher admitted to the hospital after suffering a stroke
background
physiology
central nervous system
brainstem
medulla
Vital reflex center -cardiac , respiratory, and vasomotor (blood pressure).
pons
relays messages between the cortex and cerebellum.
respiration
also helps with REM
midbrain
hearing and seeing
spinal cord
grey matter ( butterfly )
ventral/ anterior horn
motor
dorsal*/ posterior^ horn
sensory
lateral horn
cell bodies
internuerons ( interaction between motor and sensory )
brain
cerebrum
cerebral cortex
amygdala
Intense emotion ex: fear ( on both of the temporal lobe)
lobes
temporal
sounds/smell
parietal
Sensory/touch
occipital
visual
frontal :
Motor (control of skeletal muscle) concentration and decision-making
Diencephalon (inside )
hypothalamus
it regulates homeostasis. In charge of autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
pineal gland
produces melatonin which makes us sleep , regulating sleep-wake cycles
thalamus
collects all sensory information before sending to the cerebrum (Sensory relay all goes through here except smell)
Pituitary gland
It is controlled by the hypothalamus, and produces many hormones
hippocampus
Converts new information into long term memory ( on both of the temporal lobe)
ventricles
cerebrospinal fliud
removes metabolic wastes from the interstitial fluids of nervous tissues. returns it to the blood stream
acts as a cushion
CSF Flow
1 more item...
cerebellum
maintains equilibrium and posture
periphery nervous system
cranial nerves
I Olfactory,
smell
II Optic,
vision
III Oculomotor,
4 of the 6 eye muscles
IV Trochlear,
superior oblique muscle of the eye
V Trigeminal,
sensory impulses from varies part of the face
motor: chewing
VI Abducens,
Lateral rectus muscle of the eye
VII Facial,
motor: allows facial expressions and impulses to lacrimal ( tears ) and salivary glands
sensory: first 2/3 of tongue
VIII Vestibulocochlear,
hearing and equilibrium
IX Glossopharyngeal,
motor to the throat ( swallowing ) and parotid salivary gland
sensory: last 1/3 of the tongue
X Vagus,
most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and visceral organs
sensory:taste, heart/gut (visceral )
XI Accessory,
motor: neck muscles :Larynx ( voice box), pharynx ( throat ) ,and soft palate
Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid ( neck )
XII Hypoglossal,
Innervates both extrinsic (originate form bone and extend into the tongue)and intrinsic (originate form and insert to tongue) muscles of the tongue, contributes to swallowing and speech
plexus ( Some spinal nerve axons will branch out and reorganize into new groups )
sacral plexus
supplies nerves to the back of the leg
cervical plexus,
phrenic nerve, innervates the diaphragm
supplies nerves to the back of the head and neck, as well as to the diaphragm.
brachial plexus,
supplies nerves to the arm.
lumbar plexus,
supplies nerves to the front of the leg
heart stroke
symptoms
fatigue
loss of balance
loss of movement
impaired speech
vomitting
risk factors
obesity
diabetes
high blood pressure
high cholestrol
smoking
drinking
race and ethnicity
age
gender
family and health history
caused by
Caused by bleeding in the brain. Blood spills into or around the brain and creates swelling and pressure causing damaging to cells and tissue
when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced by a blood clot. This prevents brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.
outcomes and symptoms
depends on what part of the brain was effected/damaged
affects alcohol has on the brain
interacts with neurotransmitters. Both excitatory and inhibitory
GABA
sedation. calms everything down
endorphins
makes you feel good (happy)
dopamine
tricking you to feel great by association of the reward center
norepinephrine
adrenaline
epinephrine
adrelanine
interacts with part of brain
cerebral cortex
lessens its function ( thought process and consciousness) which makes them less inhibited
cerebellum
affects this location which is charge of balance resulting is clumsiness
medulla
inhibits its function which are vital ( breathing, blood pressure, cardiac and body tempature) . leads to slow breathing adn lower body tempature
anatomy
central nervous system
brainstem
medulla
pons
midbrain
spinal cord
grey matter is in the inside ( butterfly )
ventral/ anterior horn
cell bodies
dorsal/ posterior horn
unmyelinated
lateral horn
cell bodies
multipolor nuerons
ANS HERE ( central component of sympthatic autonomic system)
white matter on the outside
brain
cerebrum
cerebral cortex ( outer wrinkly part)
amygdala ( Inside)
lobes
temporal ( side below parietal )
parietal (side)
occipital ( back )
frontal ( front )
Diencephalon (inside )
hypothalamus
pineal gland
thalamus
Pituitary gland
hippocampus ( inside)
ventricles
cerebrospinal fliud
choroid plexus
ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels ( ependymal cells line the ventricles)
lateral ( 2)
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
white matter on the inside
grey matter on the outside
cerebellum
periphery nervous system
cranial nerves
I Olfactory,
II Optic,
III Oculomotor,
IV Trochlear,
V Trigeminal,
three divisions
maxillary (V2)
mandibular ( V3)
opthalmic ( forhead area) (V1)
VI Abducens,
VII Facial,
VIII Vestibulocochlear,
IX Glossopharyngeal,
X Vagus,
XI Accessory,
XII Hypoglossal,
plexus ( Some spinal nerve axons will branch out and reorganize into new groups )
sacral plexus
cervical plexus,
phrenic nerve, innervates the diaphragm
brachial plexus,
lumbar plexus,
alcohol abuse
trigger atrial fibrillation
because it can cause blood clots to form in the heart
if it moves up to the brain it cuases stroke
shut downs brain
brain cells die off
leads to the loss of speech
interferes with your brain's ability to send messages to the nerves in your muscles.
unable to use arm and hand
outcomes
road to recovery or to deteriorating health
decrease on alcohol consumption
if he continues drinking
can constrict arteries
high blood pressure
increase heart stroke again ( higher since he already had one)
rehabilitation
physical therapy
occupational therapy
speech therapy
effects
left brain damage
death to tissue and cells in that area
paralysis on right arm
unable to use arm for weeks or might be permantly
thinking difficulties
understanding concepts.
reasoning
making judgment
memory loss
forget how to play paino