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Newcastle Disease (Etiology (Family: Paramyxoviridae, Genus: Avulavirus,…

- - - - lethargy
      - inappetance
      - ruffle feathers
      - Edema of head and face
- - - - Low virulent stains: B1 & LaSota
    - - Wild birds control
      - Feed & drinks quality assurance
      - Litter management
      - Personnel movements in and out of farm
      - Routine disinfection
        
        Halogens, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, phenols
      - • Proper disposal of carcass
        
        Bury carcass 2 meters deep
        
        Incineration
    - - Avoid over stocking
      - Avoid heat and cold stress
      - Good transportation
      - Adequate feed and drinks
      - Litter hygiene
      - Good ventilation
- - - - Virus replicates in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract of the birds causing green diarrhea or respiratory signs (tracheal rales, sneezing, gasping for air) respectively
        
        Virus will enter the blood circulation causing viraemia
        
        Virus will undergo dissemination then replication to peripheral organs including brain causing nervous signs such as torticollis, paralysis of leg and wings and hyperaemia in cerebrum
        
        Affected birds may proceed to death afterwards.