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Older male with history of alcoholism has stroke looses capabilities to…

- - - - Stroke
        
        Indirect:
        
        Alcohol abuse
        
        Atrial Fibrillation
        
        irregular heart beat
        
        heart beat is more like a quivering than full consistent PQRSTU
        
        1 more item...
        
        High blood pressure
        
        walls of blood vessels are more narrow
        
        vasodilation is constricted
        
        1 more item...
- - - - walls of the arteries will continue to harden
        
        blood clots form
        
        lead to:
        
        heart attack
        
        another stroke
  - - - diagnosis
        
        using CT scan
        
        he had a ischemic stroke
        
        treatment
        
        clot bursting drug
        
        tPA
        
        1 more item...
        
        Endovascular Thrombectomy (EVT)
        
        tube inserted through artery in groin
        
        1 more item...
        
        if there is significant damage surgery is needed
        
        Carotid endarectomy
        
        1 more item...
  - - - located in left hemisphere
        
        responsible for formation of spoken words
        
        if there is irreparable damage to this area he many not be able to speak again
    - - voluntary movement of the jaw and tongue
    - - controlled movement of the mouth and tongue
        
        struggle to open and close mouth
        
        cannot physically speak
    - - for understanding written and spoken words
        
        he will be able to speak but will not understand what he or anyone else is saying
- - - - most anterior portion
        
        Functions
        
        Motor
        
        concentration
        
        decision making
        
        personality
    - - most superior medial portion
        
        Sensation
        
        touch
        
        expression of emotion
    - - most inferior lateral portion
        
        Functions:
        
        interpret and store sounds
        
        understanding speech
    - - posterior portion
        
        function
        
        visual interpretation
        
        assoctiation
  - - - Function:
        
        collects and relays all sensory info except olfactory
    - - Function:
        
        regulates homeostastsis
        
        controls autonomic nervous system
    - - Function:
        
        produces hormone
    - - Function:
        
        regulates Circadian Rhythms
        
        Produces melatonin
        
        tells the body to sleep
  - - - vision and hearing
    - - relays between cortex and cerebellum
      - REM sleep
      - Dreaming
      - plays role in repiration
    - - Function:
        
        vital reflex center
        
        cardiac
        
        respiratory
        
        vasomotor
  - - - stores memories of movement patterns
  - - - Cerebellum
        
        balance and coordination
        
        hand shivers
      - Hypothalamus
        
        numbs your senses
      - Amygdala
        
        inability to read social cues
        
        read facial features and understand them
        
        flexible behavior to fit situation
      - Hippocampus
        
        memory loss
        
        inability to form new memoris
      - Cerebral Cortex
        
        Prefrontal cortex
        
        where are personality is stored
        
        decision making
        
        learned societal norms
        
        Frontal lobe
        
        ability to move fluidly altered
        
        ability to reason is inhibited
  - - - rarest type of neuron
        
        two extensions from the cell body
        
        for special sensations
        
        sight
        
        taste
        
        smells
        
        hearing
    - - most common
      - Motor
      - multiple extensions from the soma
      - association
        
        only found in the CNS
        
        always multipolar
    - - single extension from cell body
        
        sensory
        
        detects sensation of the skin (touch)
        
        cells found in the dorsal root ganglia
    - - Axon
        
        single long projection from soma of the neuron
        
        covered or uncovered with myelin sheaths
        
        myelin is a protein
        
        schwann cells surround the myelin
        
        produces myelin
        
        1 more item...
        
        insulates the axon to increase travel of electrical impulses
        
        sends the message to the next neuron
      - Dendrites
        
        like branches of a tree
        
        many projections coming off the soma of the neuron
        
        accept the message from the axon
  - - - Schwann cells
        
        myelinate the axons of cells
        
        allows for the energy to pass quickly through the axon to the synapse
      - Satellite cells
        
        surround body of the neuron
        
        regulates nutrients and waste exchange
        
        similar to astrocytes
    - - Astrocyte
        
        has "feet"
        
        feet connect from ventricles to nervous tissue
        
        maintains concentration of chemicals and fluid
        
        only cells to go through mitosis
        
        repair damaged nervous tissue
      - Ependymal
        
        line the four ventricles
        
        produce cerebral spinal fluid
        
        filters blood at the choroid plexus to make CSF
      - Microglial cells
        
        macrophages
        
        eats pathogens and diseased cells
      - oligodendricyte
        
        surround axon segments with myelin
        
        acts as an insulator like the Schwann cell
  - - - Dura matter
        
        most outer layer
        
        anchored to the cristi galli of the ethmoid bone
        
        thick fibrous CT
      - Arachnoid matter
        
        second layer
        
        forms loose sac around the cortex
        
        thin CT
      - Pina matter
        
        lies directly on the cortex
        
        on the gyrus and sulci
        
        fine and delicate CT
    - - four ventricles in total
      - supply the brain with blood
        
        blood carries:
        
        oxygen
        
        nutrients
        
        plasma
      - each ventricle has a choroid plexus