Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The :
Nervous System
Liliana Arredondo
P.4 (Neurons (Brain-stem…
-
The Brain
Spinal and Cranial Nerves
- spinal nerves connect to the efferent ventral roots and afferent dorsal roots, dorsal and ventral roots connect laterally
-
Lobes and Cortexes
- frontal lobe: controls speech (Broca's area),
logic, creativity, frontal eye field
- motor cortex: controls skeletal (voluntary muscles)
- sensory cortex: controls the five senses, interprets the world via stimuli
- parietal lobe: processes sensory information; specifically taste, touch, and temperature
- occipital lobe: visual processing center
- temporal lobe: stores memory, interprets audio, Wernicke's area (sensory speech)
Meninges
protective coverings of the CNS
- dura mater: toughest layer; has fibrous tissue and periosteal layers; attaches brain to the skull
- arachnoid mater: loose covering; subdural space separates dura from arachnoid
- pia mater: delicate with small blood vessels; encloses sinuses; has CSF; clings to the brain like plastic wrap
Diencephalon
- thalamus: a mass of grey matter around the third ventricle; the center for information interpretation; a gateway for impulses heading to the cerebral cortex
- hypothalamus: caps the brainstem; walls the third ventricle; mamillary bodies connect to pituitary; regulates homeostasis; controls the ANS; regulates sleep-and-wake cycles; signals hormone release
- epithalamus: the roof of the third ventricle; has pineal gland that secretes melatonin (sleep drug)
Midbrain
connects to the cerebellum; visual and auditory relay centers; coordinates responses to sound and vision
Pons
contains the fourth ventricle which separates the cerebellum from the brain stem; superficial ventral fibers allows the pons to relay conversations between the motor cortex and cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
the cardiovascular center and respiratory center; relays sensory and auditory info via olivary/vestibular nuclei
Spaces and Ventricles
- lateral ventricles: one deep in each
cerebral hemisphere; separated by
septum pellucidum membrane in the back
- third ventricles: connects with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain
- fourth ventricles: has three openings called the lateral apertures and the median aperture
- median aperture: compose the roof of the fourth ventricle
- lateral apertures: composes the walls of the fourth ventricle
-
-
The Spinal Cord
- 2-way conduction pathway to the brain
- ventral roots contain axons from ventral horns (somatic motor neurons) and dorsal horns (interneurons)
White matter in the brain has ascending tracts which sends pain, temperature, and touch to the brain. It also has descending tracts which sends messages to the effector organs from the brain
structure:
- spinal dura mater: protective covering of fat and veins
- conus medullaris: tappered cone canal
- lumbar puncture: in the meningeal sac; subarachnoid space that allows for extraction of CSF
- white matter: myelinated nerve fibers that allow for communication between spinal cord and brain
-
-
