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61 yr old man enters the ER with signs of a stroke and alcohol abuse (The…
61 yr old man enters the ER with signs of a stroke and alcohol abuse
The brain
The anatomy of the brain and functions of the brain
Cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebrum- the upper most region of the central nervous system. It is diving into four regions called lobes.
Midbrain-periaqueductal gray matter: nuclei that play a role in pain suppression and fight-or-flight response
Also includes the nuclei that controls the cranina nerve III and IV
Pons- Origin of cranial nerves V, VI,VII.Some nuclei play role in reticular formation, and some help maintain normal rhythm of breathing
Medulla Oblongata- Cranial nerves VIII, IX, X, and XII
Autonomic reflex center
Cardiovascular center- for blood pressure regulation
Respiratory center- rate and depth of breathing
Various other centers- vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, sneezing
Thalamus- acts as relay station for information coming from the cortex: it acts to mediate sensations, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory
Hypothalamus- the main visceral control and regulating center that is vital to homeostasis: such as blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, pupil size. Also initiates physical response to emotions such as fear and rage. And controls endocrine functions
Epithalamus- secretes melatonin that helps regulate the sleep wake cycle
Accounts for 83% of the brain mass
Frontal- Planning, reasoning, personality, regulating emotions, motor functions, motor speech area of Broca
Parietal- Recognizing sensations, body position,sense of time and space, reading and comprehension
Temporal- Understanding, language, hearing, speech, memory, learning, sensory speech area of Wernicke
Occipital- Vision and integrating visual information such as color, shape and distance
Insula
The brain is contralateral- meaning that whatever side of the brain is damaged then the opposite side is effected
Effects of alcohol on the brain
drinking is associated with shrinkage in areas of the brain involved in cognition and learning. It blocks chemical signals between brain cells
Short term effects- loss of inhibition, difficulty forming new memories, reduced motor control, planning and organization skills
Long term effects-Korsakoff syndrome which is a type of dementia.
Alcohol suppresses the central nervous system.
Alcohol acts on the receptor sites for the neurotransmitter known as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine
Stroke- A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked by a clot or bursts. When this happen the brain cant get enough oxygen and cells begin to die
Sign and symptoms of a stroke think FAST
F- facial drooping
A- arm weakness
S-slurred speech
T- time to call 911
Signs and symptoms can vary in patients because it all depends on what area of the brain has been effected with the stroke. It also depends on the persons age and health on how that will recover from it
Either a ruptured blood vessel or a blood clot caused his stroke
His right side of his body is being effected because the stroke happened on his left side. The symptoms he is having is because the frontal and temporal lobes were probably effected
Alcohol likely caused this because is it can cause your blood pressure to rise to unhealthy levels, which could have caused one of his blood vessels to rupture
The stroke has caused loss of oxygen to the brain and brain cell have begun to die
The wife needs to be prepared to deal with the fact that these could be lasting effects of the stroke, and will have to spend months in physical and speech therapy to try and regain some functions back into his arms and legs
If the patient continues to drink the chances of another stroke is greatly ins creased. He will continue to have balance and speech problems