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summary (official equivalents (stick to the established translation…

- - - - norm
        
        for readers -- mandarin speakers
      - ideology
        
        'sensitive identity'
        
        published by official publishing houses
- - - - Norm theory:* as for the other official equivalents, phonemic retention is often used for geographical and people's names. Xiao followed this norms to translate proper names (product or expectancy norm (translation tradition) , .
      - skopos theory: spreading Western literature
      - Chinesization of proper names: communication norm; follow the norm of 'clearing translationese' (Fu Lei & Qian Zhongshu) (page 91)
- - - - ideological control less influence his translation strategies in this case