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World geography (The economy :fire: - the system of production,…
World geography
The economy :fire: - the system of production, consumption, and distribution of good and services in a particular geographic region.
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Secondary Sector - any activity where raw materials are processed into finished products of greater value
Tertiary Sector - involves selling finished products or moving them around. Also, most services jobs are considered tertiary
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development
More developed countries - they tend to have more industrialization, low death and birth rates. This is caused by more access to education, medicine etc.
less developed countries - They tend to not have industrialization, high birth rate, high death rate, and low life expenctancy
Human development Index - it measures the amount that a country has improved through their development. It helps to see what stage of development they are in
Equations
Gross Domestic Product - measures the amount of good that are produced and the amount of services provided, calculated by GDP = C + I + G + (X – M) or GDP = private consumption + gross investment + government investment + government spending + (exports – imports).
GDP per capita - the formula is divided by population, or GDP/Population.
Globalization
Pros - more connected world, less of a chance of war because they relay on each other due to the fact that that it is too expensice
Cons - most labor is across the world because it is cheeper, harder for people to find jobs. Many countries are taken advantage of, no requirements for human rights.
Geographic causes of inequality - geography can give people a head start, in Africa there is no chance for animal demestication or animal cultization making them un able to get past the hunter gather stage. Compared to Europe, where there is demestication and cultization. This disadvange causes people to be unable o progress. Therefore they are still trying to catch up
Geo Basics :fire:
5 themes of geography
location - where is it
relative location - general area, not exact
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human geography - how humans interact with the environment, cause effect
physical geography - more like things like climate, not so much about things relating to humans
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Climographs - they plot monthly average precipitation and temperature based on location, temperature is a line, precipitation are bars, can be used to make predictions
Map projection, distrotions
Map projections
mercator projections - distorts size of continents (especially toward north and south), preserves direction/navigation
Eckert IV Projections - shows size correctly, distorts shape (near the poles a lot), called shape distortion
Goode's Homolosine Projection - shows continents, how they compare in size, distorts oceans
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:fire:Demography: - the study of statistics which illustrate the changing structure of human population
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Life expectancy - how long on average a person lives, this is used to make prediction on how old the average person lives to
Subsistence economy - a place that is supports and provides for themselves, they farm the food to eat, not for profit, bare minimum to survive
Equations
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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) - estimate average number of children born to each female of birthing age 15-45 TFR= (number of children born)/(women aged 15-45)
Dependency ratio - a calculation we use to see the ratio of worker and non workers DR=(% of non-worker(under 15, over 65))/(% of workers (15-64))*100
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Models
Population pyramids
Made out of cohorts (a group of people of the same age is know as a cohort) - each cohort is split between men and women
You can tell a country's economical development based on the pyramid, through different amounts of grouth
there is slow/stable growth, rapid growth, and negative/declining growth
demography transition model - is a model used to show what stage a country is in, helping to predict the future situations of the country.
Stage One - high death rate, high birth rate, slow increase
Stage two - high birth rate, rapidly falling death rate, very rapid increase in growth
Stage three - falling birth rate, leveling out death rate, natural increase slows down
Stage four - low birth and death rate, stable or slow growth
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migration
types of migration
immigration vs emigration - immigrants are people moving to a place, an emigrants are people moving from a place
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step migration - occurs when people move up in a hierarchy of locations (step by step), move to improve their situation
chain migration - occurs when a pioneering individual or group settles in a new place, establishing a new migrant foothold
cyclical migration - occurs when workers migrate for temporary periods and then return to their home countries , receiving countries get cheep labor
forced migration -
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refugee - poeple who are forced to leave (because of war, natural disaster, etc.)
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