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CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA (DSM-5 (Examples of positive…
CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
GENERAL FACTS AND STATISTICS
Men are more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than women.
1 in 10 people with schizophrenia commit suicide
Currently, 280,000 patients with schizophrenia are receiving treatment on the NHS.
1% of the world's population suffers from schizophrenia
This condition is most likely to develop during teenage years and early 20s.
DEFINING AND CLASSIFYING SZ
Schizophrenia can be a defined as a severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired.
Schizophrenia can be categorised in three ways:
Illogical or incoherent thoughts
Bizarre speech and behaviour
Hallucinations and delusions
DSM-5
The DSM-5 is the classification system used in America
Unlike the ICD-10, the DSM-5 does not prioritise negative symptoms
Recognises 5 symptoms of schizophrenia: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganised speech, catatonic behaviour and negative symptoms.
The DSM-5 prioritises three symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions and disorganised speech (Criterion A)
To be diagnosed using the DSM-5, a patient must display one or more symptoms from criterion A for a substantial length of time during a one month period (or less if successfully treated).
The DSM-5 prioritises positive symptoms: A change in behaviour or thought
Examples of positive symptoms include:
Hallucinations: Sensory experiences which have either no basis in reality or are a distorted perception of what is there.
Delusions: Irrational beliefs
Racing thoughts: Past failures or disappointments run over in the patient's head. Unlike hallucinations and delusions, these have actually happened.
ICD-10
The classification system used in Europe
Prioritises negative symptoms: A withdrawal or lack of function you would expect to find in a healthy person.
To be diagnosed using the ICD-10 a patient must be displaying two or more negative symptoms for at least 6 months.
Examples of negative symptoms include:
Avolition: Loss of motivation to carry out tasks. This leads to lower levels of activity.
Apathy: Loss of interest, emotion and concern for yourself or others.
Speech poverty: Reduced quality and frequency of speech
Low levels of social functioning: Loss of interest in life and activities, such as sex and relationships.
SUBTYPES
Disorganised SZ
Catatonic SZ
Paranoid SZ
Undifferentiated SZ
Residual SZ