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World Geography (Demography (Demographic transition model (stage 2 - less…

- - - - ocean boundaries
        
        UNCLOS treaty
        
        territorial waters - a band of water up to 12 miles from shore
        
        contiguous zone - a band of water extending up to 24 miles from coast.
        
        exclusive economic zone - a band of water up to 200 miles from shore
        
        international waters - any water past the exclusive economic zone
        
        median-line principle - if two country boundaries overlap, the water is divided up evenly.
      - physical/natural - boundaries that follow natural features in the landscape.
      - geometric political - straight line boundaries that don't relate to the geographic boundaries.
    - - types of border disputes
        
        definitional - when border treaties are interpreted in different ways
        
        locational - when borders move
        
        operational - when borders are agreed upon, but passage across is a problem.
        
        allocational - when a resource lies on two sides of a border
      - territorial morphology
        
        compact states - the distance from the center is relatively the same from all the sides
        
        prorupted state - fairly compact state with a large projecting extension/tail
        
        perforated state - a state that completely surrounds another
        
        elongated state - a long, thin state
        
        fragmented state - a state that is separated by a physical or human barrier
        
        enclave state - a state that is completely surrounded by another
        
        exclave state - a part of a national territory that's been broken off
- - - - culture, landmarks, statistics, climate, etc
    - - absolute location
        the precise point where a place is located on earth
        
        latitude
        
        longitude
        
        GPS
      - relative location
        where a place is located in relation to another place
        
        North, South, East, West
  - - - mercator - same shape continents, wrong size
      - eckert IV - shows size of continents accurately, distorts shape
      - Goodes Homolosine - shoes how continents compare in size, distorts oceans
  - - - 5 factors that affect climate
        
        Orographic effect
        
        happens in places with warm water next to a mountain
        
        Elevation
        
        for every 1000 feet of change in elevation, the temp changes 3 degrees fahrenheit
        higher elevation = cooler temps
        
        Ocean currents
        
        warm water = bigger hurricanes
        
        Latitude
        
        smaller value = hotter temperatures
        as latitude increases, average annual temperature decreases
        
        large bodies of water
        
        water moderates temperature
      - Climographs
        plots that average precipitation and temperature per month
        
        lines represent temperature, bar represents precipitation
- - - - immigration - moving to a place
      - emigration - moving from a place
    - - asylum - protection granted by a nation to a refugee seeking help
      - refugee - people who have been forced to leave their countries due to war, persecution, natural disasters, etc.