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World Geography (Demography (the study of human population statistics)…

- - - - Internal migration - moving from one region of a country to another
      - Step migration - migrating step-by-step (i.e. farm, neighboring town, outskirts/suburbs, city center)
      - Transnational migration - moving from one country to another
      - Chain migration - when an individual of a group decides to move, then communicates with people left behind, thus convincing them to migrate as well.
      - Cyclical migration - temporary migration, usually for jobs. Workers return to country when not needed anymore.
- - - - Latitude - lines that run east to west, and show how far north/south something is.
      - Longitude - lines that run north to south, and show how far west/east something is.
      - GPS - (Global Positioning System) navigation system which shows exact location based on latitude and longitude.
      - GIS - (Geographic Information Systems) program which lets users make visual representations of geographic data.
    - - Mercator Projection
        
        Pros -shape is correct/ distances and angles are correct
        
        Cons - size is distorted, especially near poles.
      - Distortion - because Earth is cylindrical, it cannot be perfectly fitted onto a 2D surface. Maps often stretch/disfigure continents and oceans.
  - - - Weather - short-term changes in the atmosphere
      - Climate - there recurrent patterns of weather over a long period of time.
    - - A graph of a location's basic climate. Displays average monthly precipitation and temperature.
    - - Latitude - as latitude increases, average annual temperature decreases.
      - Closeness to large bodies of water - water moderates the temperate, making summers cooler and winters warmer.
      - Orographic effect - a change in atmospheric temperature caused by rapid elevation next to the ocean.
      - Elevation - as altitude increases, temperature decreases
      - Ocean currents - warmer currents means warmer climate.
- - - - Pros: can give poor countries chance to develop economically. Promotes free trade, flow of ideas.
      - Cons: makes countries depend on foreign manufacturers to send goods for economy.
- - - - 0-12 miles - complete sovereignty
      - 12-24 miles - Contiguous Zone, countries still have a little legal power.
      - 0-200 miles - Exclusive Economic Zone, countries have claim to all goods found in this area.
      - 200+ - high seas, international waters.
      - Median-line principle - if 2 countries have less than 200 miles of ocean between them, territory is divided directly in half.