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A 61 year-old male piano teacher with a long history of alcohol abuse was…

- - - - Alcohol increases risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage
        
        After continual abuse
        
        Can cause death on portion of brain
- - - - Covered by Meninges;
        
        Protective layers of the brain
        
        Dura matter
        
        Periosteal layer
        
        Meningeal layer
        
        Arachnoid matter
        
        Subarrachnoid space
        
        Contains Largest blood vessels of brain and CSF
        
        Pia matter
    - - Connected together by corpus callosum
        
        Contains association fibers
        
        Allows communication between right and left hemispheres
        
        Below corpus callosum is thalamus
        
        Part of diencephalon
        
        Hypothalamus
        
        Functions to release hormones and control body temp
        
        Above brain stem
        
        Includes midbrain, pons, and medulla
        
        Midbrain
        
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        Pons
        
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        Medulla
        
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        Make up third ventricle
        
        Function is to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebral cortex
      - Fissures; deep grooves (also called sulcus)
        
        Separates the gyri
        
        Gyri; the ridges on the surface of brain
        
        Specific sulcus and gyri separate brain into different lobes
        
        Frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, and occiptal
        
        Named by 4 skull bones except for insula
        
        Central sulcus
        
        Parrieto-occiptal
        
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        Lateral sulcus
        
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        Seperates the parietal and frontal lobes
        
        Specific gyrus responsible for different motor functions
        
        Outlined by motor homunculus
        
        Example; Precentral gyrus=hip, knee, trunk and shoulder
        
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        From the primary motor cortex
        
        Cerebral cortex
        
        Different sections responsible for different functions
        
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- - - - Contains short, unmyelinated neurons and cell bodies
      - Internal cerebrum filled with white mater
        
        Contains myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
        
        Neurons control the transfer of information throughout the brain
        
        Alcohol can inhibit neuroreceptors
        
        Cause a lack of communication between the neurons
        
        Responsible for slow response and slurred speech in intoxicated individuals
- - - - Depending on what part of brain is effected
      - Can cause impairment of sensory functions
      - Can cause unnecessary movements or paralysis
    - - Either production of speech or understanding
        
        Left side stroke would inhibit speech production
        
        Not understanding
    - - Can also effect ability to create memories
        
        Would hinder recovery
    - - Can effect personality and behaviour
  - - - To relearn certain motor functions
    - - Alcohol can inhibit communication between neurons
        
        Causes slower recovery time
      - Patient's who have had stroke are at high risk for second stroke
        
        Continual alcohol use and history of stroke could increase chances of 2nd stroke
  - - - Patient's mental faculties are not inhibited; but speech production is.