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Chapter Biology 16-17 (Translation and Mutation (Mutation (Huge diversity…

- - - - Single origin of replication
      - Daughter strand created from both parent strands
      - Single replication bubble created
      - Replicates extremely fast compared to eukaryotic cells
    - - Several origins of replication
      - Several bubbles of replication
      - Both parent strands act as a template
      - Replicates slower compared to prokaryotic cells
  - - - Helicase- Unwinds parental double helix at replication fork
      - Single-stranded Binding Protein- Binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it is used as a template
      - Topoisomerase- Relieves overwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
      - Primase- Synthesizes an RNA primer at 5' end of the leading and at 5' end of each Okazaki fragment of lagging strand
      - DNA Pol III- Using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand
      - DNA Pol I- Removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5' end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides added to 3' end of adjacent fragment
      - DNA Ligase- Joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand; on leading strand, joins 3' end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand DNA
    - - Each Okazaki fragment gets primed
      - Pol III forms an Okazaki fragment
      - DNA Pol I replaces RNA primer
      - DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments