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Chap 16-17 (DNA Replication (Proteins involved in replication (Helicase-…
Chap 16-17
DNA Replication
Semiconservative-parental strands separate and new strands form with one new strand and one parental strand
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Replicating ends of DNA
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Without telomeres shortening would occur--telomerase can artificially extend the template to allow the lagging strand to not shorten
Transcription
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Stages
Initiation
RNA polymerase binds to promoter (starting point)- strands unwind--polymerase initiates RNA synthesis
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Elongation
polymerase moves downstream unwinding, and elongating the RNA strand-DNA is reforming in the wake
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Mutations
Nucleotide pair substitution-replacement of one nucleotide and it's 'partner' with another--depending on location and which nucleotide is switched it may not change the expression
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missense mutation-change of one amino acid to another may have little effect--still codes for an amino acid--makes sense but not the RIGHT sense
nonsense mutation- mutation changes an amino acid codon into stop codon and cuts the polypeptide short
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frameshift mutation- # of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not in a multiple of 3 and cause the reading frame of codons to shift
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