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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING (What Makes A Good Language? (SUPPORT OF…
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
- a set of words, symbols and codes that enables a programmer to give instructions to acomputer.
:star:
High Level Language
- instructions are written using a series of English-like words.
:check:Pascal
:check:Java
:check:Ruby
:check:ASP
:check:C++
:check: ADVANTAGES
1) Instructions are easier to learn compared to low-level languages.
2)
Shorter program
- a single instruction corresponds to many operations at the machine level.
3)
Machine-independent
- can run on different types of computers and operating systems.
:no_entry: DISADVANTAGES
Need to converted to machine-language before they can be executed.
:star:
Low Level Language
- the natural language of computer that consists of strings of numbers to represent the elementary operations of computer.
:pencil2:
Assembly Language
- consists of English-like abbreviations to represent the elementary operations of computer, clearer to humans, need to translated to machine language before executed. Example of code:
ADD - is to SUM
:check: ADVANTAGES
Instructions are easier to learn compared to
machine language.
:no_entry: DISADVANTAGES
1) Not readily understood by computer.
2) Language need to be translated to machine language.
3) Programs are lengthly.
:pencil2:
Machine Language
- the natural language of a computer that consists of strings of numbers to represent the elementary operations of computer.
:no_entry:
DISADVANTAGES
1) Instructions are extremely cryptic and difficult to learn.
2) Programs are lengthly. :
:check:
ADVANTAGES
1) Intructions are readily understood by the computer.
2) Ready for immediate execution.
:silhouette: Alif Nazmi
:silhouette: Aiman Jais
INTRODUCTION
:pencil2:Evolved to great extent over past few decades from Assembly Languange to Kotlin and Swift
:pencil2: This languange is since 1950
THE FUTURE
Our future will be shaped by many
emerging technologies and these new
technologies all run on various languanges
Scripting Languages
Computer languange with a series of commands
within a file that is capable of being executed
without being compiled
Advantages
:check:Open source, allowing users to view and edit the script if needed
:check:Does not require the file to be compiled but may be when necessary
:check:Easy to learn and write
Disadvantages
:red_cross:Open source, allows others to view source code, which may be prohibited by some companies
:red_cross:Requires the user to install an interpreter or separate program before the script can be run
:red_cross:May slower than a compiled program
Internet Languages
:star:Language that is used on the internet
:star:Made it possible for people to communicate using many different means of communication
Internet Slang
:pen: Typical form of language people use on chat,
forums, Facebook,
Twitter , Blogs and Email
Meme
:lock: An image of character of somethings that used or re-used by internet using with funny caption on it
History Of Programming Languange
1951 – Regional Assembly Language
1952 – Autocode
1954 – IPL (forerunner to LISP)
1955 – FLOW-MATIC (led to COBOL)
1957 – FORTRAN (first compiler)
1957 – COMTRAN (precursor to COBOL)
1958 – LISP
1958 – ALGOL 58
1959 – FACT (forerunner to COBOL)
1959 – COBOL
1959 – RPG
1962 – APL
1962 – Simula
1962 – SNOBOL
1963 – CPL (forerunner to C)
1964 – Speakeasy
1964 – BASIC
1964 – PL/I
1966 – JOSS
1966 - MUMPS
1967 – BCPL (forerunner to C)
What Makes A Good Language?
SUPPORT OF ABSTRACTION
Programming language should provide the data abstraction (DA) mechanism.
NATURALNESS OF APPLICATION
Should provide the data abstraction (DA) mechanism.
EASE OF PROGRAM DEBUGGING
Must have excellent debugging facility to debug errors.
PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT
Third Generation Tools - Visual Studio (IDE) that supports the automatic code generation.
PORTABILITY OF A PROGRAM
Program can work on all platforms without any prior changes.
ORTHOGONALTY
Must provide different ways to achieve the same goal.
COST OF USING
Programmer always prefer programming language which has less cost of usage.
CLARITY, SIMPLICITY AND UNITY.
Syntax should be easier and understandable.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PARADIGM
PROCEDURAL
- programmer has to define precisely each step in the performance of the task.
EXAMPLE
: assembler, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C#, COBRA
OBJECT ORIENTED
- a programming paradigm that uses "object" to design programs.
EXAMPLE
: JAVA, PHP, C++, RUBY, PHYTON
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATOR
INTERPRETER
- translates one high-level program instruction at a time into machine code and immediately executes that code.
EXAMPLE
- PHP, Mathematica, LISP
COMPILER
- translates the entire source program into object program, and saves the object program in a file before executed.
EXAMPLE
- BASIC, COBOL, COBRA, C++, C, Java
ASSEMBLER
- converts programs written in assembly language to machine code.
EXAMPLE
- GAS, FAP, COMPASS
