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A patient is diagnosed with ALS after many symptoms of the disease. There…

- - - - When damaged they stop sending messages so muscles cant function.
- - - - Occipital lobe
        
        Back of the brain
      - Parietal lobe
        
        Top-ish part of the brain
      - Frontal lobe
        
        Front of the brain
      - Temporal lobe
        
        Side of the brain
      - Insula
        
        Inside ( not visible)
      - Central sulcus
        
        Precentral gyrus
        
        Primary motor area
        
        Postcentral gyrus
        
        Primary sensory area
    - - Dorsal gray horns
        
        Posterior of spinal cord
      - Central canal
        
        Middle open space containing CSF
      - Ventral root
        
        leaves the anterior side of spinal cord to travel to muscles and glands
      - White matter funiculi
        
        Columns of myelinated axons on outer surface of spinal cord
      - Ventral gray horn
        
        Grey matter is anterior in the spinal cord
      - Dorsal root
        
        Enters the posterior side of spinal cord
      - Lateral gray horn
        
        Gray matter is lateral in the spinal cord
      - Dorsal root ganglion
        
        Enlargement along the dorsal root of a spinal nerve
      - Dorsal median sulcus
        
        Narrow groove on posterior side of spinal cord
      - Ventral median fissure
        
        Slightly wider groove on the anterior side of the spinal cord
    - - Sensory tract
    - - Motor tracts
  - - - Occipital lobe
        
        Processes visual information
        
        Stores visual memories
      - Parietal lobe
        
        General sensory functions
      - Frontal lobe
        
        Involved with motor functions.
        
        Concentration, decision making, planning and personality
      - Temporal lobe
        
        Processing senses of hearing and smell
      - Insula
        
        Involved with memory and taste interpretation
      - Central sulcus
        
        Dividing line between the...
        
        Precentral gyrus
        
        Regulates many of body’s motor functions
        
        Post central gyrus
        
        Involved in sensory functions
    - - Dorsal gray horn
        
        Contains interneurons
      - Central canal
        
        Contains CSF
      - Ventral root
        
        Bundle of motor neurons
      - White matter funiculi
        
        Myelinated axons
      - Ventral gray horns
        
        Cell bodies of motor neurons
      - Dorsal root
        
        Bundle of sensory neurons
      - Lateral gray horns
        
        Autonomic motor neurons
      - Dorsal root ganglion
        
        Sensory neurons are found here
    - - Ascending tracts
        
        1st order neurons
        
        Has receptors & brings info to spinal cord
        
        2nd order neurons
        
        Interneurons in dorsal horn of spinal cord
        
        3rd order neurons
        
        Neuron in thalamus that connects w/ cerebral cortex
        
        Example:
        
        Spinothalamic tract
        
        1st order neuron
        
        Dorsal gray horn area
        
        2nd order neuron
        
        Goes up through spinal cord
        
        3rd order neuron
        
        Thalamus
      - Descending tracts
        
        Upper motor neuron
        
        In the brain or brainstem
        
        Lower motor neuron
        
        Neuron that synapses w/ muscles
        
        Example:
        
        Corticospinal Tracts
        
        Upper motor neuron
        
        In the cerebral cortex
        
        Lower motor neuron
        
        Synapses directly to muscle in lower part of body
- - - - Surgically created hole at front of neck leading to windpipe for full use of respirator that inflates and deflates their lungs