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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Monocots # (alismatales (flowers are large (3…
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Magnoliophyta
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Angiospermophyta
257,000 species
C. E. Bessey
Ranalean Flower Hypothesis
magnolia thought to be relictual
Classification of Flowering Plants
2 distinct lines of evolution
monocot
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1 cotyledon on each embryo
flowers in groups of 3
eudicot
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2 cotyledon
reticulate venation in leaves
flowers in sets of 5
Basal Angiosperms
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nothing in common with gymnosperms or seed ferns
early angiosperms diverged into
several clades
Eudicots
larger than monocots
pollen grains are tricolpate
or something derived from the mechanism
Basal Eudicots
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caryophyllales
produce betalains
water-soluble pigments
perisperm form
absorbed by the time the seed is mature
phloem
deposits of fibrous proteins
herbaceous with no wood
Rosid Clade
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small orders and 2 large groups
Fabids
Malvids
proanthocyanines
Asterid Clade
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sister clade
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originated 60m years ago
sympetlous flowers
few stamens
stamens alt with petals
no betalains
iridoid compounds
2 small orders
campanulids
lamiids
Basal angiosperms
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uniaperturate
eudicots
3 germination pores
single germination pore
monocots
Monocots
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lack secondary growth and wood
gynoecia
3 carpels
usually free of each other but can be slightly fused
perianth
tepals
are free
rarely fuse together
alismatales
swamps and marshes
no transpiration
flowers are large
3 sepals
3 petals
liliales
"petaloid"
large colorful flowers
presence of spots or lines on petals
septal nectaries
11 families
1300 species
asparagales
large clade
nectaries
fuse side-by-side
fused sides are called
septa
Commelinoid Monocots
pollen contains starches
so does endosperm
Arecales
3500 species
scattered vascular bundles
simple leaves
torn into
pinnate
palmate
Poales
basal angiosperms
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