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Patient with ALS (Downstream effects (Direct problem: Usually in ALS in…
Patient with ALS
Downstream effects
Direct problem: Usually in ALS in the patient to experience slurred of speech making it hard to speak and to eat and swallow the food even to control facial expressions like yawning or to laugh
Indirect problem: There are some ways patient learn how to help with the disorder by using technologies material to communicate a feeding tube is placed in the patient throat to help with getting all the nutrients a body needs to be very hydrated
Direct problem: Soon the patient will notice muscles that help with breathing ALS will paralyze muscles over time making it difficult to breathe
Indirect problem: When start to experience breathing problems the patient will have a monitor called a continuous positive airway pressure or bilevel positive airway pressure to asset with breathing at night if it starts to get worse or more advanced a process called tracheostomy respirator helps with inflates and deflates their lungs.
Direct problem: The patient with ALS will experience some twitching throughout body even tongue and muscle cramps soon she will not be able to move a lot, the brain is also impacted that some of the memory and decision making might cause dementia
Indirect problem: Some of these causes could be treated with physical therapy helping with pain, walking including equipment to assist with being independent, they will also help with cardiovascular fitness. Also many will need an occupational therapy provide adaptive equipment to help with dressing grooming eating and bathing they also help to modify your home to make it easier for you to access personal belongings, A social worker can be given to help with finical papers, and to manage bills insurance and they provide emotional support.
Upstream Causes
DIRECT Cause: A patient came in told us she has been dealing with muscle weakness she tripped outside her house from her genetic testing her progressive nervous system ALS most common to be her nerves cells are damaged making her motor neurons to die.
INDIRECT cause: Most of the time when the patient is dealing with muscle weakness and diagnose as ALS patient mention about her family member having ALS being very high chance of being heredity 5 - 10 people is familial and has 50-50 chance of children. Also her age anyone around the age 40 to mid 60s , very common genetics could be in the patient.
DIRECT Cause: The patient has been exprencing trouble with plsying pool tells us how she has triuble holding the pool stick because it feels heavier than usual even when striking balls and her going grocery shopping results came in she has ALS which affects nerve cells making them not stop sending signals to the muscles and no longer functional
INDIRECT cause: Some of the risk factors are heredity, age, sex and genetics in our patient we found in her genetic testing. is most common familial being her two family member died from ALS and her age is also to relate why now she is experiencing muscle weakness usually when being young no symptoms are shown.
Background Information
Anatomy
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Organs
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spinal cord has white matter filled with myelinated axons and the part with gray matter is filled with neuron cell bodies dendrites and unmyelinated axons it has the dorsal root ganglion involves sensory and the ventral root is the motor neurons
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Physiology
Organ systems functions
Muscular system the muscles start to weaken because of the neurotransmitters not getting the signals correctly.
Respiratory system is unable to contract the muscles in the lungs and cant do their job the correct way.
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Organ functions
cerebrum function interpreting touch, vision and hearing and speech and fine control movement
spinal cord function to relay messages from the brain to different parts of the body to perform an action to pass along messages from sensory receptors to the brain and to coordinate reflexes
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Cell functions
ascending tracts are sensory tracts 1st order neuron arises from sensory receptors of the body 2nd order neuron these tracts ascends to brain stem 3rd order neuron arise from the thalamus and pass through the internal capsule
Descending tracts are motor tracts 1st order neuron conducts impulses from receptors located in a join muscle 2nd order neuron to carry an order it could be sensory or motor stimulus 3rd order neuron is located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord which will exit with the spinal nerve to supply the muscle.
astrocytes regulate the blood brain barrier allowing nutrients and molecules to interact with neurons they control homeostasis also affect electrical impluses
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cross selection in als the ventral horns their axons extends to either the brain stem or the spinal cord nerve impulses travel to the lower motor neurons whos axons relay the signals to the body muscles
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