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Seed Plants: Seed Plants Without Flowers ("Gymnosperms")…
Seed Plants: Seed Plants Without Flowers ("Gymnosperms")
The life cycle of vascular cryptogams is an alternation of independent, heteromorphic generations.
Lignophytes
One group of plants that gave rise to a monophyletic group of woody plants.
Spermatophytes
Seed originated
Manoxylic wood
Very soft, Spongy, parenchymatous wood
Pycnoxylic wood
hard, strong wood with little parenchyma
Gymnosperm
Ovules located on flat sporophylls
Naked ovules
Pine cones
Angiosperms
Flowering plant with carpels
Carpels
Closed structure
Division Progymnospermophyta: Progymnosperms :<3:
Progymnosperms
Conifers, cycads
Develop megaphyllous leaves
Produced true woody trees
Trimerophytes were an important group of plants that evolved from rhyniophytes.
Aneurophytales
They all had a vascular cambium and secondary growth.
They varied in stature from shrubs to large trees.
Contains the more relictual progymnosperms
Archaeopteridales
Reproduction was heterosporous.
Trees up to 8.4m tall with abundant wood and secondary phloem
Evolution of Seeds
integument
Projected upward
Spores can be identified with sporophytes
Micropyle
Large
Division Pteridospermophyta: Seed Ferns :<3:
That bore seeds instead of sori on its leaves
Seed ferns appeared in the upper Devonian period
seed ferns were any woody
Fern like foliage
resembled tree ferns or some were veins
Division Coniferophyta: Conifers
:no_entry:
Leaves are always simple needles or scales.
Never veins,herbs or annuals
Familiar plants
they never have bulbs or rhizomes
All conifers have pollen cones and seed cones
Most of them are woody
Short shoots
Long shoots
Simple cones
Pollen cones
Compound cones
Consisting of a shoot with axillary buds
Division Cycadophyta: Cycads
:recycle:
Trunk is covered with bark and persistent leaf bases
Cycads are short plants less than 1 or 2 m tall
Cycads are always dioecious
They have short trunk with pinnately compound leaves
Cycad ovules are like those of seeds ferns, having a large, vascularized integument.
Division Cycadeiodophyta: Cycadeoids
had vegetative features almost identical to those of cycads
Never be considered distinct from cycads
Division Ginkgophyta: Maidenhair Tree
:explode:
looks like very much like a large dicot tree with a stout trunk and many branches
It has broad leaves
Contains a single living species
It contain single species
Wood like conifers
Division Gnetophyta
:!:
Epherda
short and wide stem
Gnetums
leaves similar to dicot
They have short, wide stem and only two leaves
Contains three groups of enigmatic plants
Concepts