Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

REPRODUCTION (REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS (TO FORM A SEED (pollen is produced…

- - - - PLANT TISSUE CULTURE- carried out in a lab.
        
        the plant to be cloned is first sterilised, to kill disease causing organisms.
        
        the plant is then cut into small pieces, called explants
        
        the explants are placed in a dish or jar on a jelly-like material called agar. The agar contains nutrients to feed the growing cells, and plant hormones that encourage cell division.
        
        each explant grows and the can be further cut int new explants
        
        the process is repeated, to produce a crop of identical plants all with the same desired characteristics of the original plant.
      - CELL TISSUE CULTURE- where two individual cells are cloned, instead of a plant. Slight changes can occur the more times the cell is cloned.
      - CUTTINGS- can be done at home and is not very expensive
        
        small pieces of the shoot or leaf are cut off, dipped in plant hormones that will encourage growth, and placed in a soil tray.
        
        the tray is kept moist and away from direct sunlight
        
        after a few weeks, new roots grow, and eventually a complete plant develops.
        
        when the plant can survive on is own, it can be sold to the public or planted in a vineyard or orchard
      - PROBLEMS WITH CLONING- if a crop is nearly identical then there is more chance of the crop being wiped out by a disease.
- - - - CHANGES IN FEMALES
        
        the breasts grow bigger
        
        hair growth on the armpits and groin
        
        a sudden increase in height
        
        the first period
        
        widening of the hips
        
        more fat deposited in the hips
  - - - PENIS- where the sperm comes out and the organ that is inserted into the woman's vagina during sexual intercourse.
      - TESTIS- sperm is produced here. The real name are Testicles and there are two of them, they hang outside the body in a sac.
      - SPERM DUCT- the hollow tube about 45cm long that the sperm is pushed through out of the penis.
      - SCROTUM- the scrotum is the sac that holds the testicles outside of the body.
      - SEMEN- sperm mixed with other fluids.
      - sperm is produced in tubes inside the testicles, the sperm is then squeezed into a coiled tube called the epididymis, there is one epididymis in each testicle. they are then pushed out of a hollow tube called the sperm duct. on the way fluid is mixed with the sperm forming semen.
    - - CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN MALES
        
        enlargement of the testicles
        
        sperm formation by the testicles
        
        the penis grows
        
        the voice "breaking" to become deeper
        
        hair growth on the face, arms, chest and groin
        
        increased muscle and bone growth and strength
        
        sudden increase in height and chest capacity