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Environmental Ethics (Conservation ethics/Shallow ecology (Their…
Environmental Ethics
Conservation ethics/Shallow ecology
Their philosophy
Basically saying anything that is not humans are not important but is useful for achieving something (a tool for humans)
"A means to an end"
Does not matter whether or not the environment is being damaged, as long as it benefits humans it is fine. Due to the idea that if humans are part of natural creation, then anything that has been environmentally disrupted by humans are still part of the natural process.
Humans shoulld not be responsible for extinctions of species as this is a part of a natural process of evolution
Strengths
Raises a solid point that everything is part of a natural process
Could be linked with
physical determinism
where everything is determined through the basis of the start of creation of the universe.
Could argue that the extinction of species are due to its weakness and thus only the strong. useful ones who could adapt with the evolving world should survive.
Weaknesses
The idea that species are allowed to be died out completely is not rational as there could possibly be benefits for certain species to survive for the sake of our own survival.e.g (disrupting food chain)
Key philosophers who agrees with this theory
Michael La Bossiere
Ecological extension/eco-holism
(including Gaia hypothesis)
Their philosophy
Strengths
Weaknesses
Important philosophers arguing for this theory
Aristotle
ways to evaluate each environmental perspective
Unallocated Effect
Effects on future generations
Experiential Effects
Effects suffered by people directly as a result of pollution/damage to the environment
Non-Animal Effects
Effects related to non-animal eg Trees, flowers, plants
Non-Human Effects
Effects suffered by animal species eg Building a Dam but destroying habitat of birds, apes, living species
Libertarian extension/deep ecology
Their Philosophy
promote the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, plus a restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas.
Weaknesses
Strengths