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A 61 year-old male piano teacher with a long history of alcohol abuse was…

- - - - right hemispheres
        
        They are joined by a bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum that transmits messages from one side to the other
        
        Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.
      - left hemispheres
      - Lobes of the brain
        
        4 lobes
        
        frontal
        
        Personality, behavior, emotions
        
        Judgment, planning, problem solving
        
        Speech: speaking and writing (Broca’s area)
        
        Body movement (motor strip)
        
        Intelligence, concentration, self awareness
        
        temporal
        
        Understanding language (Wernicke’s area)
        
        Memory
        
        Hearing
        
        Sequencing and organization
        
        parietal
        
        Interprets language, words
        
        Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory strip)
        
        Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory
        
        Spatial and visual perception
        
        occipital
        
        Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
      - Broca’s area
        
        lies in the left frontal lobe
        
        moving the tongue or facial muscles to produce the sounds of speech
        
        speaking and writing
      - Wernicke's area
        
        language development.
    - - interpreting touch
      - vision
      - hearing
      - speech
      - reasoning
      - emotions
      - learning
      - movement
  - - - function
        
        coordinate muscle movements
        
        maintain posture
        
        balance
  - - - breathing
      - heart rate
      - body temperature
      - wake and sleep cycles
      - digestion
      - sneezing
      - coughing
      - vomiting
      - swallowing
  - - - gray matter
    - - white matter
  - - - located in the floor of the third ventricle and is the master control of the autonomic system.
      - role in controlling behaviors such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response.
    - - lies in a small pocket of bone at the skull base
        
        sella turcica
      - pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus
    - - located behind the third ventricle.
      - helps regulate the body’s internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin
    - - relay station for almost all information
      - Basal ganglia
    - - center of our emotions, learning, and memory.
      - Included in this system
        
        cingulate gyri
        
        hypothalamus
        
        amygdala
        
        hippocampus
        
        encoding long-term memory
- - - - Atrial fibrillation increases your risk of stroke by five times
- - - - including impulsive behavior, slurred speech, poor memory, and slowed reflexes
  - - - causing painful and potentially dangerous withdrawal symptoms that can damage brain cells
  - - - ccurs when neurons over react to neurotransmitters for too long.
        
        Too much exposure
        
        neurotransmitter can cause neurons to eventually "burn out."
- - - - Trouble speaking and understanding what others are saying.
      - Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg
      - Problems seeing in one or both eyes.
      - Problems seeing in one or both eyes.
      - Headache
      - Trouble walking
  - - - An ischemic stroke happens when blood flow through the artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes blocked.
    - - happens when an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures (breaks open).
    - - is sometimes called a “mini-stroke.” It is different from the major types of stroke because blood flow to the brain is blocked for only a short time—usually no more than 5 minutes.2