B5

Reflexes

The Brain

Neurons and synapses

Villi

Blood

Heart

The heart is made up of 4 key cambers. The Right and Left ventricles and the Left and Right atrium.

Blood vessels

Surface area : volume ratio

Homeostasis glucose

Homeostasis water

Homeostasis temperature

The blood is made up of many different parts of the blood with many different and vital functions.

Red blood cells
Crucial in delivering oxygen to cells and taking away CO2. the objective of the red blood cell is to transport the gasses around the body.

White blood cells The white blood cells are used in order to maintain the immune systems health. They are given the message to go and kill foreign pathogens.

Platelets The platelets are used in order to seal wounds. This is in order for the cut to be clotted so the pathogens can't entering the body and stops losing too much blood

PlasmaPlasma gives the blood bulk to pass through the body as it holds all of the molecules in the blood.

Right atrium Oxygenated blood enters through the vena cava from the body and passes through the valves to the Right ventricle.

Right ventricle Once passed the valves into the Right Ventricle the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to be oxygenated and then moved back to the heart to then be pushed around the body again.

Left AtriumAfter being pushed from the Pulmonary artery and pushed to the lungs after the body the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein .

Left Ventricle Blood is then passed into the Left ventricle from the valves which regulate the blood flow. Then pushed through the aorta to the rest of the body.

Our bodies regulate the sugar levels in our body through homeostasis.

The hypothalamus detects glucose levels in the blood as well as water levels in the blood.

Not enough GlucoseWhen there is not enough glucose in the blood the hypothalamus detects this and the pituitary gland releases the hormone for glucagon, Glucagon is secreted out of the pancreas, this raises the glucose levels in the blood after exercise or not eating

Too much glucoseWhen there is too much glucose in the blood the hypothalamus detects this and the pituitary gland sends the message for insulin to be released. Insulin then takes and stores the excess glucose, this happens after eating or is released from glucose store

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Homeostasis temperature is the body self regulating the temperature of your body.

Heat increase

Temperature decrease

The brain detects the increase of temperature, this is then processed by the hypothalamus. The effectors are

Sweat GlandsSweat produced, cools the body when it evaporates

Muscles in blood vessels supplying capillaries Relax and so more blood flows through capillaries, increasing heat lost.

Detect decrease in temperature of the skin, this is then processed in the hypothalamus

Muscles in blood vessels supplying capillaries Contract and so less blood flows through capillaries, reducing heat loss.

MuscleThey contract rapidly. Higher rate of respiration warms the tissue, which raises the temperature of the body.

There are three main blood vessels.

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ArteryThick wall to withstand high pressure and the narrow lumen maintains the pressure

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