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61 YEAR OLD MALE WITH A STROKE (CEREBRAL CORTEX: functions in intellect,…
61 YEAR OLD MALE WITH A STROKE
ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN
Gray matter
In spinal cord, deep inside white matter and contains cell bodies of interneurons
In brain, it is the cerebral cortex and the cerebullal cortex contains cell bodies of motor neurons and unmyelinated axons
White matter
In brain, buried deep in the gray matter and is composed of myelinated axons tracts
In PNS, myelinated axons
In spinal cord, contains dorsal and ventral columns
Cerebellum: functions in motor activity and maintains equilibrium
Left and right hemispheres: control opposite side of body
CEREBRAL CORTEX: functions in intellect, reasoning, sensory perception, thought, memory, judgement
Fissures: divide lobes
Sulcus: depression
Gyrus: raised area
Occipital lobes: vision interpretation
Frontal lobe: motor control of skeletal muscle, concentration, decision-making, personality
Parietal lobes: general sensation, expression of emotions
Temporal lobes: sound interpretation and storage; smell and understanding of speech
STROKE AND EFFECTS
blocked blood flow or hemorrhage
Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slowed reflexes, impaired memory, slurred speech
ALCOHOL ABUSE long term effects
Dimentia
Alzheimer
Paralysis
Pain and emotional problems
Stroke
Death
CAUSES
Direct cause: blocked artery causing brain to lack oxygen and nutrients
DIRECT EFFECTS
Death of brain cells
chemical signals between neurons blocked
REGIONS OF DIENCEPHALON
Thalamus:sensory relay
Hypothalamus: functions in endocrine system, homeostasis, and autonomic system
Pineal gland: produces melatonin which regulates the sleep-wake cycle
Pituitary gland: produces many hormones that help regulate the functions of other glands
REGIONS OF BRAINSTEM
Midbrain: optic and auditory reflexes
Pons: helps in control of respiration
Medulla Ablongata: functions in heart beat, respiration and vasomotor activites
VENTRICULES SYSTEM: makes, holds and circulates CSF
2 laterals, 3rd and 4th ventricules
Choroid plexus: where CSF is made by ependymal cells
CSF: composed of water, gas and electrolytes
CSF: removes metabollic wastes and cushions CNS
STROKE symptoms and outcomes differ depending on lifestyle, state of health and alcohol intake
LIMBIC SYSTEM: combines higher mental function and primitive emotion
Amygdala: intense emotion, fear, anxiety, rage, pleasure
Hippocampus: new info in long term memory
Thalamus: sensory relay to cerebrum
Hypothalamus: ANS, endocrine and homeostatis