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Computer Science A-Level (Computer Architecture (What are some control…
Computer Science A-Level
Computer Architecture
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What is a system bus?
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Signals can represent data, address or control information
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What is the ALU?
Arithmetic Logic Unit – performs calculations such ADD, Or and shift operations
What is the CU?
Control Unit – coordinates activities in the CPU, memory and peripherals
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What is the MAR?
Memory Address Register – Stores the address of a memory location where data can be read or will be written to
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Execute
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For LOAD and STORE instructions, the MAR and MBR are used to access data from main
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What is cache memory?
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Stores copies of data from frequently used memory locations, data to be written to main memory and pre-fetched instruction
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Data Representation
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Consists of 1s or 0s, each 1 or 0 is a binary digit known as a bit
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What is 2’s complement?
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The most significant bit is now negative e.g. in 8 bit binary, 128 is -128
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Networks
What is an IP Address?
An Internet Protocol address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network
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What is a NIC?
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Specifically designed to allow the computer to connect via cable or wirelessly to a certain network topology
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What is a packet?
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Contains packets sequence number, source and destination address and a checksum
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What is a protocol?
A protocol provides agreed signals, codes and rules for data exchange between systems
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What is the MAC address?
The Media Access Control address is a 48-bit address expressed in hexadecimal and separated into 6 bytes
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Identifies the network adapter so a packet’s destination address can be matched to a particular host
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What is a socket?
One endpoint of a two-way communication link between two programs running on a network e.g. a web browser and a webserver
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What is HTTP?
In Hypertext Transfer Protocol, a client sends a request message to the server and the server responds with a response message
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What is HTTPS?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure encrypts and decrypts user page requests and the pages that are returned by the web server
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What is SMTP?
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If a message can’t be sent, SMTP uses a queuing system and attempts to send it later
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What is POP3?
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Creates a text file of any incoming messages and if message is received, it will be appended to the file next time you log on
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What is a protocol?
A set of pre-agreed signals, codes and rules used when exchanging data between systems
What is a port?
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Used by programmers to establish communication between processes running on different computers on a TCP/IP network
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What is TCP/IP?
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Defines how computers should connect to the internet and how data should be transmitted between them
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Boolean Logic
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What is DeMorgan’s law?
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Break the line, change the sign
What is a proposition?
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Propositions can be compounded by AND, OR and NOT operators
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Reverse Polish Notation
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What is RPN?
In Reverse Polish Notation, or postfix, the operators are after the operands e.g. 5 3 *
4 +
RPN doesn’t change the expression, it only changes the way the expression is written
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VB.NET
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What is an identifier?
A unique given to a variable, procedure or function
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What is an if statement?
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= Greater than or equal to
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What are objects?
Unlike variables, objects are dynamic as the amount of memory space they need cannot be determined until they need it
To store an object, a fixed size object reference is used to refer to it
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