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Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow (Nutritional Requirements…
Oxygen Transport, Blood Coagulation, Blood Flow
Of the 4 to 6 L of blood in the circulatory system, approximately 45% is blood cells and 55% is plasma.
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The plasma fraction contains dissolved substances, including nutrients, ions, plasma proteins, metabolic wastes, hormones, and enzymes.
BLOOD CELLS
erythrocytes
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a small, biconcave disk (about 7.2 μm in diameter)
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Leukocyte
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protect the body by phagocytosis of microorganisms and other debris and participate in immune antibody formation
Platelet
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150,000 to 400,000 platelets/mm3 circulate freely in the blood
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Monocytes and granulocytes are WBCs that share a common lineage with RBCs and platelets, the interrelationship of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, which are all derived from the myeloid stem cell.
Hematopoiesis
process leading from pluripotential stem cells to mature, differentiated red cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes
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The reticulocyte leaves the marrow, enters the bloodstream, and matures into an erythrocyte in 24 to 48 hours.
Lymphopoiesis
Both hematopoietic and lymphopoietic stem cells probably derive from a single totipotent stem cell pool in fetal development
Hemoglobin Synthesis
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the molecule is a spherical tetramer weighing approximately 64,500 daltons
iron uptake
The iron-transferrin complex is picked up by a membrane-associated receptor and brought into the cell by invagination and formation of an intracytoplasmic vacuole
The iron is then released and stored as intracytoplasmic ferritin or used to synthesize heme, the precursor of hemoglobin.
The transferrin-receptor complex is returned to the cell membrane, where the apotransferrin is expelled back into the circulation
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