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The Infected Tattooist (INVOLVED SYSTEMS (NMJ EVENTS (NEUROTRANSMITTERS…

- - - - STEP 5: Areas of sarcolemma next to the motor end plates have voltage-gated ion channels that open in response to EPP. These ion movements create an action potential. Muscle is now excited.
        
        STEP 6:A wave of action potentials spreads from the end plate in all directions.This wave of excitation reaches the T tubules & continues down them into sarcoplasm.
        
        STEP 7:Action potentials open voltage-gated ion channels in the T tubules. These are linked to Ca+ channels in the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Channels in the SR open and (Ca) diffuses out.
        
        STEP 8:Calcium binds to the troponin of the thin filaments
        
        STEP 13:The binding of ATP to myosin destabilizes the myosin-actin bond, breaking the cross-bridge. The myosin molecule is now prepared to repeat the whole process.
        
        STEP 12:Myosin releases ADP and phosphate and flexes into a bent, low-energy position, causing power stroke
        
        STEP 11: The cocked myosin binds to an exposed active site on the thin filament, forming a cross-bridge between myosin & actin
        
        STEP 10:The myosin head must have an ATP molecule bound to it to initiate the contraction base. Myosin ATPase hydrolyzes this ATP into ADP and phosphate. The energy released by this process activates the head, which "cocks" into an extended high-energy position.
      - STEP 9: The troponin-tropomyosin complex changes shape & sinks deeper into the groove of the thin filaments. This exposes the active site of the actin filaments and makes them available for binding to myosin heads.
    - - Dopamine
      - Gaba
      - Acetylcholine (ACh)
      - Epenphrine
      - Non-epinephrine
      - EXOCYTOSIS
        
        STEP 3:The vesicle is pinched off from the membrane as the ends of the in-folded membrane fuse together. The internalized vesicle is then processed by the cell.
        
        STEP 2:The plasma membrane folds back on itself until the ends of the in-folded membrane meet. This traps the fluid inside the vesicle.
        
        STEP 1:The plasma membrane folds inward (invaginates) forming a cavity that fills with extracellular fluid, dissolved molecules, food particles, foreign matter, pathogens, or other substances.
      - Twitch
        
        Involuntary contraction of the fibers that make up a muscle.
        
        Charley Horse
        
        Nerves control muscle fibers. When something stimulates or damages a nerve, it causes the muscle fibers to contract.
        
        In hands & feet
        
        Summation
        
        stimulating the muscle before it has a chance to relax completely.
        
        In hands & feet
        
        Tetany
        
        A symptom
        
        Overly stimulated nerves cause involuntary muscle cramps and contractions
        
        All over the body
        
        CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
        
        Produces tetanospasmin
        
        Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord. The spastic paralysis induced by the toxin is due to the blockade of neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons