Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Clostridium Tetani Patient (Background (Exocytosis (Vesicle membrane fuses…
Clostridium Tetani Patient
Background
Systems Involved
Cardiovascular system
Circulates nutrients throughout the body
Pumps blood
Integumentary System
Protects the body
Regulates body Temperature
Nervous System
Sends and receives signals from the body
Muscular System
Allows movement
Also regulates body temperature
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic Knob
enlarges and flattens to cover a relatively large surface area of the sarcolemma
houses many synaptic vesicles
small membrane sacs
filled with aceytlcholine (ACh)
Expanded tip of an axon
Ca2 pumps embedded here
Motor end plate
Specialized region of the sarcolemma
many folds and indentations to increase membrane surface area
vast numbers of ACh receptors
plasma membrane protein channels are chemically-gated ion channels
binding of Ach opens these
allows Na+ to enter and K+ to leave
Synaptic cleft
extremely narrow , 30 nanometers
fluid filled space separating the motor end plate and synaptic knob
Houses aceytlcholinesterase
breaks down Ach molecules
Neurotransmitters involved in contraction
Aceytlcholine
Causes muscle to contract
Norepinephrine
Causes muscle to relax
Glycine
Inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord
Exocytosis
Vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane
Plasma membrane opens to outside of cell
Vesicle nears plasma membrane
Release of vesicle contents into the interstitial fluid and integration of vesicle membrane components into the plasma membrane
according to figure 4.17
The difference..
Summation
stimulation occurs so rapidly that relaxation can't
happen before the next stimulation so contraction waves are added together
Tetany
muscle fibers “fuse” and contractions become continuous without any relaxation period
Twitch
A single, brief muscle contraction and relaxation period in response to a single stimulus
Clostridium tetani
Produces
Tetanospamin
Affects neurons and their ability to release neurotransmitters
Causes Tetanus
inhibits release of GABA
Tetanolysin
increases the permeability of cellular membranes through cell lysis
local tissue destruction
Anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria
sensitive to heat and oxygen
Development of Tetanolysin may occur
Local tissues will be destroyed
Contraction of Clostridium Tetani
Shady Tattoo parlor with dirty needles
Inhibition of GABA due to the tetanospamin produced by clostridium tetani
Spasms may come to affect muscles in the heart
heart attack
death
Tetanus may occur
muscles stiffen and do not relax
muscle spasms continue
Breathing difficulties
death
stiffness of neck
lockjaw
difficulty swallowing
Further infection due to dirty needle, other bacteria may be present
laryngospasm
interference with breathing
death