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TD223 theories & concepts :bulb: (development approaches (4 main)…
TD223
theories & concepts
:bulb:
Strange
1994
structural power
framework
: what is the source of power?
relational
A makes B doing something B wouldnt otherwise do
structural
closer to hegemoney
(Cox)
Strange's pyramind of power (1994, p. 23)
control over...
finance & credit
production
knowledge & ideas
people's security
concepts of order
anarchy
(Bull, 1977)
society of states/int'l society
absence of over arching power state
imperialism
colonisation
arm's length, informal influence and control
power through influence
formal sovereinty not violated
"creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on dominatio and subordination"
(Clayton, 2000, p. 375)
hegemony
(Cox, 1987
) (cited in Gill, 1993)
structure of values and understandings about the nature of order
relatively stable and unquestioned
underpinned by a structre of power
most probably one state is dominant
dominant social strata
development effects
zero-sum
gains for one actor are matched by losses of another
colonial examples
colonial crops at expense of domestic food production
postive-sum
sum of benefits > sum of losses; without either actor neccessarily solely on the 'benefit' or the 'loss' side
trade of commodities:
importing state - benefit to production processes & eco growth
producing state - boosting prices and demand
development approaches (4 main)
neoliberalism
interventionalism
structuralism
people-centred approach
International Relations
theories of international order
realism
concerned with power
self-preservation trumps coodination
liberalism
Marxism