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stroke (immediate effects (paralysis, sensory impairment, speech problems,…

- - - - frontal lobe
        
        motor function
        
        problem solving
        
        spontaniety
        
        language
        
        judgement
        
        impulse control
        
        social and sexual behavior
        
        anterior cranial fossa
      - parietal lobe
        
        sensory apprehension
        
        tatse
        
        touch
        
        temperature
        
        pain
      - temporal lobe
        
        hearing
        
        memory
        
        speech
        
        sounds/smells distinguish
        
        primary auditory cortex
        
        primary olfactory cortex
      - occipital lobe
        
        vision
        
        superior to cranial fossa
        
        primary visual cortex
      - hemisphere parts
        
        1) superficial cerebelar cortex Gray matter
        
        conscious mind
        
        awareness of self
        
        sensation
        
        communication
        
        remembering
        
        understanding
        
        voluntary movements
        
        composition
        
        neuron cell bodies
        
        dendrites
        
        associated glial cells
        
        blood vessels
        
        2) white Matter
        
        communication
        
        in cerebellar areas
        
        cerebral cortex
        
        lower CNS centres
        
        myelinated fibers
        
        3) basal nuclei
        
        island of gray matter deep in white matter
        
        control of movement
    - - elevated ridges
      - sulci
        
        shallow grooves
    - - longitudinal
        
        separates cerebellar hemispheres
      - transverse
        
        separates below cerebellum in 2 spheres
  - - - in cerebral hemisphere
      - paired
      - separated by Septum Pellucidum
    - - in Diencephalon
      - communicate through interventricular foramen
    - - 3rd and 4th ventricle connects via Cerebral aqueduct
      - lies on hindbrain
      - openings connects to subarachnoid spaces
        
        median aperture
        
        lateral appertures
  - - - sensory station
      - regulation of consciousness
    - - toward dorsal portion of diencephalon
      - forms the root of 3rd ventricle
      - posteriorly have pineal gland
        
        secretes melatonin
        
        antioxidant
        
        sleep inducing
    - - below thlamus
      - extend from optic chiasma
      - pealike Mammillary body
        
        relaystation, in Olfactory pathways
      - infundibulum, connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus base
      - controls ANS
      - functions
        
        body tem. regulation
        
        initiate physical response to emotions
        
        regulate food intake
        
        regulate water balance and thurst
        
        sleep wake cycle
        
        control endocrine sys. function
  - - - b/w diencephalon and pons
      - 2 bulging cerebral peduncle,holds cerebrum
      - cerebral aqueduct, runs through mid brain
        
        connects 3rd AND 4TH VENTRICLE
      - TECTUM, midbrain roof
      - aqueductal gray matter, surrounds aqueduct
        
        pain supression
        
        links amygdaloid body & ANS pathway
        
        control 2 cranial nerves
        
        oculomotor & trochlear
      - in white matter
        
        Corpora Quadrigemina
        
        superior colliculus
        
        inferior colleculus
        
        pigmented neuclei
        
        substantia nigra
        
        red nucleus
    - - bulging brain stem
      - conduction tracts
        
        longitudinal deep projection fibers
        
        superficial ventricle fibers
        
        transverse & dorsal
        
        form middle cerebellar pundicle
        
        potine nuclei
        
        cranial nerves
    - - cone shape
      - inferior part of brainstem
      - pyramids on each side of medulla
      - fibers junction crossover
        
        decussation of pyramids
        
        controls the voluntary movements on opposite sides
      - cerebellar peduncles
        
        fiber tracts, connects medulla and cerebellum
      - oval swellings, Olives
        
        gray matter foldings
        
        hypoglossal nerves merges from olives and grooves of pyramids
      - autonomic reflex centre
        
        maintain homeostatis
      - respiratory centre
      - cardiovascular centre
- - - - liver, lungs, digestive tracts, heart , pancreas damage can affect brain
  - - - slurred speech, slow reaction , sluggish movement
- - - - hemmorage
      - ischemic