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Seed plants II: Angiosperm (monocots (Dioscoreales (small order that has…
Seed plants II: Angiosperm
changing concepts about early angiosperm
evolved in parallel with the gymnosperms.
angiosperm are monophyletic.
Angiosperms did not evolve from gymnosperms.
rich new fossils beds are yielding many new specimens of early angiosperm.
basal angiosperm
all organisms evolve, so did the basal angiosperm.
broad group of the most primitive flowering plants
contains living descendants of several groups originated while angiosperm were young clade.
mostly woody plants that produce seeds and flowers
classification of flowering plants
monocots and eudicots
Magnoliophyta
flowering plant begin to follow two distinct line of evolution.
early angiosperm diverged into several clades called basal angiosperm
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monocots
commelinoid monocots
Arecales
all species have small leaves, expanded.
leaves of plants occur near shoot apex.
Poales
includes food like wheat,corn,bamboo,sugarcane.
grasses are wind polinated, sepal and petal are important.
Zingiberales
plat grow on the heavy shade of jungle.
almost all tropical, most are soft, nonleathery herb.
Liliales
"Petaloid"monocot those with large, colorful flowers.
presence of spots or lines on the petals
alismatales
found on swamps and marshes, partially or entirely submerged.
plant don't waste carbon and energy making fiber that is not needed
lack ordinary secondary growth and wood.
Asparagales
large clade with many families,species and types of biology.
Orchidaceae is the largest and most diverse family.
Dioscoreales
small order that has only one family.
yams, produces from this family.
has petiole,broad leaves with reticulate venation
contains small endosperm inside the cell.
eudicots
rosid clade
small group have few members but great economic significance.
presence of pinnately compound leaves.
consist of several small order and two big groups.
asterid clade
lacks specialized chemicals found in other clades.
chemicals on them irritants the human skin too.
extremely important medicinally.
basal eudicots
Eudicots base has lineages show some ancestral characteristics; Basal Eudicots.
numerous stamens, separate carpels
form a monophyletic group.
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Caryophyllales
produce a group of water-soluble pigments.
Endosperm develops little, and then fails to continue growing.
Santalales
small order of highly modified plants, parasitic.
contains the large endosperm inside the cell
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