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Chapter 8 (Cell Cycle (Interphase (duplication of cell contents (G1…
Chapter 8
Cell Cycle
Interphase
duplication of cell contents
G1
growth
S
synthesis of new dna
G2
growth
Mitotic phase
cell division
mitosis
division of the nucleus
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
Zygote
formed by fertilization (diploid)
Gametes
egg and sperm haploid
Somatic cells
have 46 chromosomes forming 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
similar chromosomes
Mitosis
1 divison creates 2 cells
clones
diploid --> diploid
repair, growth, asexual rep
Meiosis
2 division creates 4 cells
unique
diploid --> haploid
sexual rep
Nondisjunction
Failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate
karyotype
ordered display of magnified images of an individual's chromosomes arranged in pairs
trisomy 21
Down syndrome
Cancer
Tumor
benign
remain at the original site but may disrupt organs if they grow in size
Malignant
can spread to other locations in a process called metastasis
carcinomes
originate in external or internal body coverings
leukemia
originate from immature white blood cells within the blood or bone marrow
carcinogens
substances which increase the chance of cancer