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The Challenge of secularisation (Introduction (Key movements (:candle…
The Challenge of secularisation
Introduction
Secularisation
: The decline of religious faith in society.
People identifying as non-religious are typically young, white and male – and increasingly working class.
48.6% of the British population are non-religious.
Between 1983 and 2015, the proportion of Britons who identify as Christian fell from 55% to 43%
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/13/uk-losing-faith-religion-young-reject-parents-beliefs
The term "nonverts" was coined to describe a person who was brought up to practise a religion, but who now identifies as having no religion.
More than six in 10 “nones” were brought up as Christians
Key movements
:candle:
Enlightenment
: all knowledge found in reason and evidence, and not religious belief. Challenges religious traditions, people claimed to be atheist for the first time (ie Hume).
Individualisation
: Martin Luther was key in proposing that religion should be an individual choice and proposed by the state. God can be encountered outside the Church.
during reformation (16th century); churches authority became challenged, and attending was a choice.
Materialism
Religous views on materialism
Tis be Bad
Development monastic tradition (people living in isolation) in 4th century, encouraged people to give up possessions. Monastics seen as superior spiritual state.
Industrial revolution 18-19th century: Christian business owners where generous to workers as believed wealth was gift from God,
:chocolate_bar: John Cadbury, Quaker
Matthew 16:28 "for what is man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul."
The New Testament
Parable of the sheep and goat
Luke 16:19-31; poor gets comfort in heaven
Mathew 5:3 "blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven."
Mark 10:25 "For it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of the needle, than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of God."
tithing
: donating 10% wealth 2 church
monositsim
: giving up all materialistic poessesions to live in communities / solitary (regarded as v spiritual) ie. Burderhof community
Tis be Excellent
Prosperity Gospel
: Form of Christianity which regards prosperity as God's favour and gift and so should be fully embraced.
Joel Osteen(whose net worth is estimated at over $50 million); the more money = more grace from God, God enjoys it when we indulge and enjoy ourselfs.
Old Testament
Solomon rewarded for his wisdom with great riches
Materialism
Belief that personal and physical comfort is more important than spiritual values.
POOR BLESSED, WEALTH DISTRACTS
Arguments
against
faith
The God Delusion
Richard Dawkins
/ The Dawkins Delusion
a response by Alister McGrath
Richard Dawkins
: evolutionary biologist, militant atheist.
:!: Religion depends on belief in God (the God hypothesis), but this is flawed.
Alister McGrath
: from atheist to Christian, called it an "intellectual conversion".
:!: Religion
undermines science
and promotes fanaticism and bigotry, doesn't answer questions ~(philosophy can tho).
:male-scientist: :church: Believes that science and religion are
compatible
. Science in position to adjudicate religious matters. McGrath shows Dawkins as being narrow as he believes that
science results in atheism
, which is wrong. There are limit to what science demonstrates, cannot show 'true' nature of reality.
Supported by
Stephen Jay Gould's 'Middle Way'
, suggests that science/ religion deal with separate spheres of human experience, so are mutually exclusive.
:!: bad influence, devastates society as it causes division
Teaching religion by parents/ schools = mental abuse; homosexuality, abortion, freedom of choice
Dawkins is wrong in generalising religion,
minority
views do not represent religion as a whole. Supernatural fundamentalists are an easy target, but it ignores the liberal approach of religion. Dawkins is also holding back some atheist views.
cognitive bias
, selectively picking evidence that is supporting his view (Communism, Nazi).
:!:
Humanism
: people can be morally good without religion/ spiritual belief.
McGrath suggests that this is only because atheists are atheists because they believe in
moral autonomy
(you make moral decisions independently and unique to the event -each person is morally responsible for their own actions).
This may be one reason why there are atheists but not all of it.
Militant atheism :boxing_glove:
Main Views:
Religion is
irrational
and causes
suffering
and division
focus on
literal
views, ie the idea of God being 'an old man in the sky' is not intellectual or rational, + does not address modern needs of 20th century society... Honest To God by Bishop John Robinson 1963 :santa::skin-tone-2:
Resultant in increase of atheists (as well as due to rise in scientific ideas)
Key responses:
Libertaion Theology in central/ south america, Oscar Reomero, beig saved from poverty and oprression (marxist views).
CofE had more dicsussions baout , sexulaity, women ordination.
misrepresnted mainstream views
, cognitive bias as ignore how atheism has also brought up violence (soviet Union, Nazis), disragrds how religion has saved and bettered poeple, moreover offered intellectual and moral flourshing.
it is natural that religion is seen as irrational, we can see trogh art that alot of human exepriences are irrational... this adds deoth to life.
not to be taken literally
Examples of how religious believers have responded to the rise of secularisation!
House chruch
Fresh Expressions
Free selves from structure of church; Tas Valley Team Ministry.
Jesus' acts relevant to people, acting upon it.
-Parallel to philosophy of Paul Tillich
Liberation theology
-transromfs individfuals and impacts societies
Christianity is still socially relevant
Teachings and actions of christianity can engage in lives of modern society (Fresh Expressions, House Church, Liberation Theology)
Quietism
: everything left in God's hands and we should not get involved... opposite to activist.
I will get this A* InshAllah
yay!
