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CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI (EVENTS AT NMJ (Neuromuscular junction: Excitation of a…
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI
EVENTS AT NMJ
SYSTEMS INVOLVED
TWITCH: A single stimulus, quick contraction a relaxation.
Tetanospasmin prevents Ca2+-dependent release of glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter from CNS neurons, resulting in unopposed excitation of spinal neurons and muscle contraction.
SUMMATION: Frequent stimulus, no time for muscle relaxation.
TETANY: Incomplete tetanus: complete twitch fusion as stimuli are delivered more rapidly. Complete tetanus: a smooth continuous contraction, no relaxation.
Nervous system
Skeletal system
Respiratory system
Lymphatic system: Tetanospasmin spreads via the lymphatic system and bloodstream throughout the body, where it is taken up into various parts of the nervous system.
- Neuromuscular junction: Excitation of a skeletal muscle fiber.
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EXOCYTOSIS
Synaptic vesicles containing ACh molecules are transported from within the cell to the cell membrane, the vesicle membrane attaches to the cell membrane, Fusion of the vesicle membrane with the cell membrane releases the vesicle contents outside the cell.
(1a). Ca2+ entry at synaptic knob. (1b). release of ACh from synaptic knob. (1c). Binding of ACh to ACh receptor at motor end plate.
(2). Sarcolemma, T-tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum: excitation-contraction coupling.
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Sympathetic discharges may also be affected, leading to fluctuation in pulse and blood pressure. Unless the condition can be stabilized, death will usually occur within 5–10 days due to the inability of muscles of respiration to relax, and subsequent hypoxia.
tetanus toxin, (tetanospasmin) binding to the nerve endings it is impossible to remove. Complete recovery infection requires new nerve endings to grow, which can take up to several months.
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Severe face and arm muscle spasms, he is unable to speak the blood test reviews the patient has been infected with Clostridium tetani,
Deep wounds with poor oxygenation are most susceptible. Puncture wounds, including from splinters, body piercings, tattoos, and injection drugs.
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A 23-year-old male who leaves with his brother and recently got a new tattoo He has never been vaccinated against Clostridium tetani
The homeostasis is affected as he cannot feel anything the muscles may spasm uncontrollably, initially finishing off with muscle tears or even heart attacks.
muscles spasm constant increment, metabolic demands are placed on the body
Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord. The spastic paralysis induced by the toxin is due to the blockade of neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons.