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America Essay Questions (Economic Effects of Laissez-Faire Polices 1865…
America Essay Questions
Economic Effects of Laissez-Faire Polices 1865-1890
Americas Second Industrial Revolution
Rapid Expansion of Infrastructure.
Creation of the Trans-Continental Railroad
Created Loads of jobs for immigrants
3rd biggest employer in America
Allowed for steel industry to boom
Carnegie Steel company was able to monopolize
Revenue from Railroads was over 1,000 million dollars
Exploited Farmers
Discriminatory pricing towards them
Big business could negotiate Bulk Deals in order to get cheaper prices. Railroad companies preferred this
Economy forced Technology to also develop to create more efficient industries
Immigrants
Uneven distribution on wealth
Lack government intervention led to unfair wages and manipulation of immigrants
Pork Barrel Politics
Laussez-Faire Polices
Legislation influenced by big businesses
Tammany Hall
Created Micro-Economies within large towns
Rise of minority Areas
Provided Cheap labour, often brought new skills allowing for the economy to grow
Manipulated and heavily exploited
Often worked in factories and meat processing industries
Proven by Muckrackers like Upton Sinclairs concrete jungle
Exposed the exploitation within industries
Domination of Big businesses
Creation of Trusts/Cartels
Made it near impossible for smaller businesses to become successful
Formed cartels that fixed prices, allowing them to create a monopoly within their industry
Allowed for improved co-ordination within industries Resulted in :
Sustained Development
Investment in New technology
Allowed for speedy Growth
Threatned Small scale businessmen. as they had more purchasing power
Cartels could benefit from ecnomines of scale, allowing them to undercut the smaller businessmen
Horizontal and Vertical integration
Controlled the whole selling process
Bought out suppliers to make the overall product cheaper
Individuals who done this
Rockerfella. US Oil, controlled 81% of American oil.
Carnegie- Controlled The steel industry. Making loads of money from it
GDP steady growth of 3.8% annually
North/South Divide
South was conservative
Stuck to the farming industry
Rise of disposable incomes, from the north seen people invest in clothing
Rise of Buffalo Bill
South very deprived/North was booming.
Laissez-Faire polices allowed for curruption within politics
Westward Expansion
Idea of manifest Destiny forced people to move into the west
Created the frontier
Created a Gold Rush
Key Individuals
RockerFella
Standard Oil Company
Controlled 85% of oil production within the US
Monopolized the Industry
Rescued the oil industry
Became Worlds first Billionaire 1913
Immigration within society
Second Coming of the KKK
Reflected the Americans opinion upon immigration
Used intimidation tactics to suppress immigrants
6 Italians lynched in mid west
Race Riots
KKK Heavily Involved
Tulsa
Immigrant/AA greenwood area destoyed
Immigrants creating tension between actual Americans
Working for lower salaries
Particularly in labor intensive jobs like the Meat packing industries
West Coast dominated by Asian migrants
53% of workfoce was made up of asians
Chinese Exclusion Act was passed 1882
Shows that america was acknowledging the threats of immigration to the US
Political Dominance
Easily Swayed
Little idea of politics
Mostly voted democrat due to religious beliefs
Dominated in built up areas, as prominent figures would tell them who to vote
Rise of nativism
Americans felt threatened by the rise of immigration
Undermined the underlaying current of conservative America
Rise of KKK
Hatred Towards Immigrants
Disputes within workplaces
Fear of different political ideologues
Communism/Red scare
Palmer Raids 1919-20
Sacco/Vanzeiti court case
Rise of the Know Nothing Party
Politcal party formed as a result of the mass immigraiton
Anti-Catholic,xenophoic and hositle to immigration
Development of distinct ethic neighborhoods
Did not get beyond the big cities
Lacked capital to start up farming businesses/trade that they are used to
Life was arranged by influential figures within soceity
Often Greek or Italian
Provided Certainties and security for immigration during a hard time of their lives
Italians dominated Brooklyn
Irish Dominated Boston
Czech/Poles Chicago
Economic Impact
Immigrants provided constant supply of cheap,unskilled labour.
Coming from a rural background, little idea of employment law or working rights
Easily exploited by contractors. Sent families off to the Midwest cities
Depressed Wage levels/Threatened job opportunities
Political Impact
Republicans often associated with the Prohibition movement
Immigrants relied on alcohol for religious and cultural purposes
Democrats, developed a coalition between farmers and migrants to fight back against the republicans