Nervous System
major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
layers of meninges
drugs that effect the brain (mouse party and drugs of abuse)
compare and contrast the autonomic nervous system
reflex arc
the lobes and functions
neurotransmitters
spaces and ventricles
divisions of PNS of body
major parts and functions of spinal cord
anatomy of the spinal cord
classification of neurons
diseases associated with the brain
action potential
tissues (structure and function of neuron)
major functions of the nervous system
major part of the brain and their functions
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
motor functions: respond to stimuli by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
integrative function: analyze sensory information, store aspects. and make decisions
*doesn't shape or support the body
sensory function: to detect change inside and outside the body
synaptic end bulbs contain 2 or 3 neurotransmitters
need to be removed or influences nerve indefinitely
at least 30-50 different neurotransmitters identified
some re-uptake into cells*
may be degraded by enzymes*
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
parachute for emotions/ calming
Branch of PNS
fight or flight
daily body functions
short pre-ganglionic
long pre-ganglionic
extends from medulla oblongata and ends at 2nd lumbar (in adults)
31 pairs of spinal cord
connection to brain and brain stem to the rest of body
two enlargements
lumbar enlargement
cervical enlargement
nerves to and from upper lower limbs
nerves to and from upper
somatic nervous system
coverings
endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium
autonomic nervous system
dissociative drugs
cocaine
GHB & Rohypnol
alcohol
inhalants
marijuana
MDMA
Nicotine
Methamphetamine
Heroine
LSD
causes Na+ gates to open and Na+ rush into cell causing depolarization
If strong enough depolarization occurs and the threshold potential is 30+ with impulse being sent down axon
nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential
K+ rushes out while Na+ rushes in, causing repolarization of the membrane going back to resting potential
two grooves
posterior median sulcus
anterior median fissure (deeper
function
connect the peripheral nervous system to the brain
responsible for reflects like withdrawal
pass along sensory receptor messages to the brain
multipolar: several dendrites and one axon neurons of CNS are this type
bipolar: one main dendrite and one axon - usuall found in special sense organs
unipolar: just one process, and are always sensory neurons. Axon terminals are in CNS and cell bodies and cell bodies in ganglia
tissue made up of: neuron (nerve cell) and neuroglia
function
process and transmit information
Choroid Plexues produce cerebrospinal fluid
ventricles:
third ventricle
2 lateral ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
dura mater
outermost layer
dense with many blood vessels and nerves
attached to periosteum
arachnoid mater
spider-web collagen and elastic fibers
thin membrane
subdural space
pia mater
innermost and nearly transparent
follows contours of the brain and spinal cord
subarachnoid space
filled with cerebospinal fluid
cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
regulates motor movements
carry messages between the brain and the body
controls breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness
interprets touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and control of movement
relays sensory information
controls autonomic functions of PNS
manages emotions and memories
receives information from sensory systems
coordinates voluntary movements
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
process sensory information
derive it into meaningful memories, language, and emotions
emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, and judgment
processes sensory info. regarding location of body parts
visual processing area
pathway that controls reflex
direct route from sensory neuron to an interneuron, to a motor neuron to an effector
hungtington disease
cerebral palsy
parkinsons disease
Alzheimers disease
causes feelings of wakefulness
evokes startle response
dry mouth, anxiety, impaired balance, heavy legs, and hallucinations
lack of coordination, dizziness, and hallucinations
loss of appetite, nausea, hallucinations, organ damage, and weight loss
nasuea
slowed breathing, coma, and death
hallucinations, lose touch in reality, fevers, seizures, coma
paranoia, irregular heart beat, stroke, and death
impaired coordination, reaction time and speech
impairs balance, judgement, memory loss, and loss of consciousness
decline in IQ, hallucinations, lack of coordination
headache, nausea, and heart burn
the drug becomes like a painkiller and addictive