Nervous System

major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system

layers of meninges

drugs that effect the brain (mouse party and drugs of abuse)

compare and contrast the autonomic nervous system

reflex arc

the lobes and functions

neurotransmitters

spaces and ventricles

divisions of PNS of body

major parts and functions of spinal cord

anatomy of the spinal cord

classification of neurons

diseases associated with the brain

action potential

tissues (structure and function of neuron)

major functions of the nervous system

major part of the brain and their functions

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

motor functions: respond to stimuli by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

integrative function: analyze sensory information, store aspects. and make decisions

*doesn't shape or support the body

sensory function: to detect change inside and outside the body

synaptic end bulbs contain 2 or 3 neurotransmitters

need to be removed or influences nerve indefinitely

at least 30-50 different neurotransmitters identified

some re-uptake into cells*

may be degraded by enzymes*

autonomic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

parachute for emotions/ calming

Branch of PNS

fight or flight

daily body functions

short pre-ganglionic

long pre-ganglionic

extends from medulla oblongata and ends at 2nd lumbar (in adults)

31 pairs of spinal cord

connection to brain and brain stem to the rest of body

two enlargements

lumbar enlargement

cervical enlargement

nerves to and from upper lower limbs

nerves to and from upper

somatic nervous system

coverings

endoneurium

perineurium

epineurium

autonomic nervous system

dissociative drugs

cocaine

GHB & Rohypnol

alcohol

inhalants

marijuana

MDMA

Nicotine

Methamphetamine

Heroine

LSD

causes Na+ gates to open and Na+ rush into cell causing depolarization

If strong enough depolarization occurs and the threshold potential is 30+ with impulse being sent down axon

nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential

K+ rushes out while Na+ rushes in, causing repolarization of the membrane going back to resting potential

two grooves

posterior median sulcus

anterior median fissure (deeper

function

connect the peripheral nervous system to the brain

responsible for reflects like withdrawal

pass along sensory receptor messages to the brain

multipolar: several dendrites and one axon neurons of CNS are this type

bipolar: one main dendrite and one axon - usuall found in special sense organs

unipolar: just one process, and are always sensory neurons. Axon terminals are in CNS and cell bodies and cell bodies in ganglia

tissue made up of: neuron (nerve cell) and neuroglia

function

process and transmit information

Choroid Plexues produce cerebrospinal fluid

ventricles:

third ventricle

2 lateral ventricles

cerebral aqueduct

fourth ventricle

dura mater

outermost layer

dense with many blood vessels and nerves

attached to periosteum

arachnoid mater

spider-web collagen and elastic fibers

thin membrane

subdural space

pia mater

innermost and nearly transparent

follows contours of the brain and spinal cord

subarachnoid space

filled with cerebospinal fluid

cerebrum

diencephalon

brain stem

cerebellum

regulates motor movements

carry messages between the brain and the body

controls breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, and consciousness

interprets touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and control of movement

relays sensory information

controls autonomic functions of PNS

manages emotions and memories

receives information from sensory systems

coordinates voluntary movements

frontal

parietal

temporal

occipital

process sensory information

derive it into meaningful memories, language, and emotions

emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, and judgment

processes sensory info. regarding location of body parts

visual processing area

pathway that controls reflex

direct route from sensory neuron to an interneuron, to a motor neuron to an effector

hungtington disease

cerebral palsy

parkinsons disease

Alzheimers disease

causes feelings of wakefulness

evokes startle response

dry mouth, anxiety, impaired balance, heavy legs, and hallucinations

lack of coordination, dizziness, and hallucinations

loss of appetite, nausea, hallucinations, organ damage, and weight loss

nasuea

slowed breathing, coma, and death

hallucinations, lose touch in reality, fevers, seizures, coma

paranoia, irregular heart beat, stroke, and death

impaired coordination, reaction time and speech

impairs balance, judgement, memory loss, and loss of consciousness

decline in IQ, hallucinations, lack of coordination

headache, nausea, and heart burn

the drug becomes like a painkiller and addictive