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Stroke Victim (Background (The Cerebrum (Lobes (Frontal Lobe (Also…

- - - - Left and Right Hemispheres
      - Longitudinal fissure separates the two lobes
        
        Located in the midsagittal plane
      - Communicate using white matter tracks
        
        White matter tracks: Groups of myelinated axons in the CNS
        
        Corpus Callosum is the largest tract
    - - Temporal Lobe
        
        Involved in..
        
        Hearing
        
        Smell
      - Occipital Lobe
        
        Involved in..
        
        Processing incoming visual information
        
        storing visual memories
      - Parietal Lobe
        
        Involved in..
        
        General sensory functions
        
        Evaluating shape and texture
      - Insula
        
        Involved in..
        
        Memory and interpretation of taste
      - Frontal Lobe
        
        Contains precentral gyrus
        
        involved in voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement
        
        Also involved in..
        
        Verbal Communication
        
        Decision making
        
        Planning
        
        Concentration
        
        Personality
    - - Sensory Areas
        
        Located within parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
        
        Primary somatosensory cortex
        
        Located in parietal Lobe
        
        Primary visual cortex
        
        Location: Occipital Lobe
        
        Primary auditory cortex
        
        Location: Temporal Lobe
        
        Primary Olfactory Cortex
        
        Location: Temporal Lobe
        
        Primary Gustatory Cortex
        
        Location: Insula
      - Association Areas
        
        either process and interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response
        
        Located adjacent to motor and sensory areas
        
        Motor association
        
        Premotor cortex
        
        responsible for coordinating learned, skilled motor activities
        
        Sensory association
        
        visual association area
        
        Location: Occipital Lobe
        
        responsible for identifying objects that are seen
        
        auditory association area
        
        evaluates the volume, pitch, tempo, and all other
        perceivable characteristics of a sound and matches that to stored memories of sound
        
        Somatosensory association
        
        Location: Parietal lobe
        
        responsible for integrating sensory information and interpreting sensations to
        determine the texture, temperature, pressure, and shape of objects.
      - Motor Areas
        
        Controls voluntary motor functions
        
        Motor speech area (Brocas area)
        
        Located on the left Frontal Lobe
        
        Frontal eye field
        
        Regulates eye movements
  - - - Brain
      - Spinal Cord
    - - Diencephalon
        
        Epithalamus
        
        Houses Pineal Gland
        
        Secretes melatonin
        
        Houses Habenular Gland
        
        relay signals from the limbic system to the midbrain
        
        Thalamus
        
        located between the
        anterior commissure and the pineal gland.
      - Brain Stem
        
        bidirectional passageway for all tracts extending from the cerebrum,
        diencephalon, and cerebellum to the spinal cord
        
        Midbrain
        
        Cerebral Peduncles
        
        carry voluntary motor commands from the primary motor
        cortex of each cerebral hemisphere
        
        substantia nigra
        
        consists of bilateral nuclei
        
        contains clusters of neurons that produce dopamine
        
        affects brain processes to
        control movement, emotional response, and the ability to experience pain and pleasure
        
        tegmentum
        
        reticular formation
        
        Red nuclei
        
        issues
        involuntary motor commands to the erector spinae muscles of the back
        
        cerebral aqueduct
        
        connects the third and fourth ventricles
        
        Tectum
        
        Superior colliculus
        
        visual reflex center
        
        inferior colliculus
        
        auditory reflex center
        
        Corpora quadremina
        
        Pons
        
        houses sensory and motor tracts that connect the brain
        
        autonomic nuclei of the pontine respiratory center
        
        controls respiratory skeletal muscles
        
        superior olivary complex
        
        receives auditory input
        
        involved in pathway for sound localization
        
        Houses complete nuclei for cranial nerves..
        
        V (trigeminal)
        
        VI (abducens)
        
        VII (Facial)
        
        and part of VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
        
        Medulla Oblongata
        
        connects the brain to the spinal cord
        
        inferior cerebellar peduncles
        
        tracts that connect the medulla to the cerebellum
        
        several autonomic nuclei
        
        form centers that regulate functions vital to life
        
        contain nuclei for cranial nerves....
        
        IX(Glossopharangheal)
        
        X (Vagus)
        
        part of VIII (Vestibulorcochlear)
        
        XI (Accessory)
        
        XII (Hypoglossal)
      - Cerebrum
        
        see other branch
      - Cerebellum
        
        Right and left hemispheres
        
        separated by vermis
        
        2nd largest part of the brain
        
        stores memories of previously learned movements
        
        responsible for the maintenance of balance and posture
        
        regulates both voluntary and involuntary pathways
        
        cerebellar peduncles
        
        link the cerebellum with the brain stem
  - - - Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
      - Occurs due to...
        
        Obstruction of blood vessel
        
        Hemorrhage of blood vessel
      - Consequences depend on effected brain location
      - Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
        
        aka. mini stroke
        
        occurs due to..
        
        temporary blood loss to a brain region due to a transient block in blood vessel
    - - The area of the brain that was obstructed
      - The length of time that section was deprived of blood
      - the extent of nueron death
      - The amount of clots or mini clots that may have occurred along the way